tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-17461956508297617022024-03-19T03:08:50.337-07:00Creative CockadesEvery Cockade Has A Story To Tell!Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.comBlogger70125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-5288560579485631122024-03-05T16:42:00.000-08:002024-03-05T16:42:12.878-08:00Texas Longhorns in the American Revolution<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6loqwfrVMD1sFh2qkOPsGBV-ly4TSXBTz8_NocsXDpWr88KZXNlLWdgbWnk90pfTzwhixPW-JyRb4bLYd5BkiGYHN0eBLTSsDeJEOLGRRtvCE5PDDipObiQvMP8g_pn5umA35LkaRXBENULykT-t00HdEfeaTmHfs9CvCJXwnN6nvr9fhvi77epdx9NPu/s719/Texas%20longhorns%20-%20American%20Revolution%20banner.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="719" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6loqwfrVMD1sFh2qkOPsGBV-ly4TSXBTz8_NocsXDpWr88KZXNlLWdgbWnk90pfTzwhixPW-JyRb4bLYd5BkiGYHN0eBLTSsDeJEOLGRRtvCE5PDDipObiQvMP8g_pn5umA35LkaRXBENULykT-t00HdEfeaTmHfs9CvCJXwnN6nvr9fhvi77epdx9NPu/s320/Texas%20longhorns%20-%20American%20Revolution%20banner.png" width="320" /></a></div><br />If you’re a history buff, you probably know that the American Revolution didn’t just happen in New England and Virginia. The Southern states played a big role as well. <p></p><p>The first “tea party,” for instance, happened in South Carolina, not Boston. And the losses of the British and victories of the armies in the Southern states are what led to Cornwallis surrendering at Yorktown. So yeah – South Carolina, North Carolina, Georgia – sure, those Southern states played a big part in winning the war. </p><p>But did you know that TEXAS played a part too? Along with Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida!</p><p>But wait, you say. Most of those states (which weren't even states then) weren’t part of the British empire, nor were they claimed by the newly minted United States. How could <i>they</i> influence the war? </p><p>The answer includes Texas longhorns and the British navy.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7LjaPVI75ICzU6xFZPqjce0PY9JTF9bvc_y3VNgOBgJHH_uvKG3uQZ3cFR4YiWE7xBDxfzJ1pf2G0Xpjvf2xYHD-2zVUz0tlkP1c7OBN1-c7NRS4k5kZWtNdoHMPW_qtkBOt_mXTysVSphH8PxHSQTd4Lp2361htlOlaNI3H0hLkw7WOmZMzrPK5Z3wmW/s787/NorthAmerica1762-83.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="787" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7LjaPVI75ICzU6xFZPqjce0PY9JTF9bvc_y3VNgOBgJHH_uvKG3uQZ3cFR4YiWE7xBDxfzJ1pf2G0Xpjvf2xYHD-2zVUz0tlkP1c7OBN1-c7NRS4k5kZWtNdoHMPW_qtkBOt_mXTysVSphH8PxHSQTd4Lp2361htlOlaNI3H0hLkw7WOmZMzrPK5Z3wmW/s320/NorthAmerica1762-83.png" width="320" /></a></div><br />Great Britain's Navy Is Busy</h2><p>When America declared her independence from Great Britain in 1776, the territory covering Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and West Florida belonged to Spain – the area was called “New Spain.” Spain had originally owned all of Florida, but traded part of it to Great Britain in the 1763 Treaty of Paris. And that’s where the American Revolution comes in. </p><p>As Americans and British fought over whether we would remain independent, Britain also became embroiled in war with France, Spain and Holland. Since all of these countries had colonies around the world, Britain’s navy became stretched exceedingly thin. And British ships that could have been fighting Americans on the east coast were instead defending Pensacola, Florida against a siege. </p><p>If you’ve only ever read basic American history textbooks, you may be confusedly thinking, “Who in tarnation was besieging the British at Pensacola?” And therein lies a totally amazing and fascinating tale. </p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm1BZCHOM8eWCBQudX5jlC8AC-1n-2LiIFV1F0FZoZcLOZkuUsO71A7I7H7SkZH4oIbb4lWJeENFAps6MNcQiMwTGofeAB4v9snF2xjcil0ZcVWu-KKdVdJTYUpQyu6TvA6pxGakb720gBUvXrPQC6ZID4r0E2I8m-sfW2yIR7_vknv_fQcOtfNoRv2YL1/s1088/Galvez%20-%20by%20Jos%C3%A9%20Germ%C3%A1n%20de%20Alfaro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1088" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm1BZCHOM8eWCBQudX5jlC8AC-1n-2LiIFV1F0FZoZcLOZkuUsO71A7I7H7SkZH4oIbb4lWJeENFAps6MNcQiMwTGofeAB4v9snF2xjcil0ZcVWu-KKdVdJTYUpQyu6TvA6pxGakb720gBUvXrPQC6ZID4r0E2I8m-sfW2yIR7_vknv_fQcOtfNoRv2YL1/s320/Galvez%20-%20by%20Jos%C3%A9%20Germ%C3%A1n%20de%20Alfaro.jpg" width="235" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: firebrick; font-family: Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", "Palatino LT STD", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif; font-size: 11px; font-style: italic; text-align: left;">Bernardo de Galvez by José Germán de Alfaro</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Galvez on the Warpath</h2><p>A young Spanish 31-year-old named Bernardo de Galvez had been appointed Governor of "Luisiana" (Louisiana) in 1777. He already had an illustrious military career under his belt, starting at age 16, which included not only famous battles in Europe but also some Apache fighting in Mexico and Texas! </p><p>Galvez, under instructions from his government, proceeded to provide covert help and assistance to American troops fighting the British. </p><p>When Spain officially declared war on Britain in 1779, Galvez was given the chance to fight openly with the British at their outposts along the Gulf coast. He fought a masterful campaign through 1779-1781, with victories at Fort Bute, Baton Rouge, Natchez, Baton Rouge again, and Mobile… and finally wound up with a major victory at Pensacola! </p><p>By the time Galvez defeated the British at Pensacola, he had 7000 troops (by comparison, Cornwallis surrendered 8000 men at Yorktown). How did those victorious troops survive during that long campaign, stretching from Louisiana to Florida? </p><p><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji_X16mtNfWoo2XgSt6g75yCXlycZ2kvJq8b6NmzUoPXIV1bKyN_CuemnvsBx4swS3aXLjddohbwS_kT54MA9ehmcK8RG1Xd9elvETMAFP3aRQMy9MMofGbbJfn3UVsvvgYs6tl073A-oPI1qq8m1Dm1Nvr8bUx6_2Dgfly-CXUclzkYL67IRteYzcF_65/s1024/Galvez%20-%20%20Augusto%20Ferrer-Dalmau%202015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="821" data-original-width="1024" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEji_X16mtNfWoo2XgSt6g75yCXlycZ2kvJq8b6NmzUoPXIV1bKyN_CuemnvsBx4swS3aXLjddohbwS_kT54MA9ehmcK8RG1Xd9elvETMAFP3aRQMy9MMofGbbJfn3UVsvvgYs6tl073A-oPI1qq8m1Dm1Nvr8bUx6_2Dgfly-CXUclzkYL67IRteYzcF_65/s320/Galvez%20-%20%20Augusto%20Ferrer-Dalmau%202015.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b><br />They lived on Texas longhorns!</b><p></p><p>Yes, the first cattle drives from Texas began, not in the Wild West of the mid-1800s, but in 1779! Though records are still being discovered, it’s estimated that from 1779 to 1782, somewhere between 9,000 and 15,000 head of cattle were sent to Galvez’s army from ranchers in Texas. And that’s the army that kept the British tied up – and defeated - all along the Gulf coast. </p><p>So that’s how the Texas longhorn helped save American independence!</p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6V_bCqMJogiYCLjdXYijo7tkETO54g4Or-19GSSC2eFYap7LLb3Ic2CATuTOINqGkCVBeEO5VVqtp88PbyGyjRd55jJOvqYq2MpLvnKDdy6A5Hf1XiDGBzbud4QZvxqiHP1jcxdcbyGvZHsKgwN3-RdsQoJFAykQWAKkwl42alVs53RQm6UV5JMgkFxZv/s304/1779.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="304" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6V_bCqMJogiYCLjdXYijo7tkETO54g4Or-19GSSC2eFYap7LLb3Ic2CATuTOINqGkCVBeEO5VVqtp88PbyGyjRd55jJOvqYq2MpLvnKDdy6A5Hf1XiDGBzbud4QZvxqiHP1jcxdcbyGvZHsKgwN3-RdsQoJFAykQWAKkwl42alVs53RQm6UV5JMgkFxZv/s1600/1779.jpg" width="304" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: firebrick; font-family: Palatino, "Palatino Linotype", "Palatino LT STD", "Book Antiqua", Georgia, serif; font-size: 11px; font-style: italic; text-align: left;">Pierre Georges Rousseau, an officer in the Gulf Coast theater, <br />sporting his alliance cockade</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br />Cockades of the Gulf Coast Theater</h2><p>In honor of both Spain and France’s contribution to the American Revolution, I’ve created a “Triple Alliance” cockade of red (Spain), white (France) and black (United States). These are based on actual accounts, drawings and paintings of soldiers’ cockades in the Gulf coast theater of war. </p><p>Naturally, I had to create a cockade to honor the legacy of Bernardo de Galvez. (Did you know that Galveston was named after him?)</p><p>And I’ve also created a special cockade just to celebrate the contribution of that imminently American icon: the Texas Longhorn!</p><p><br /></p>
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Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-89778974620456137842023-05-31T14:57:00.006-07:002023-05-31T15:07:37.384-07:00America's 250th!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJEFf874xGsTMO1x91okM9XZxi4qYRfjo9NqhwW_v5-iB8OvjWBprT-0Jy_aBBcmSWrkGS-OMV5I7UElR6gORlRmPqbsOYqHv5E0kTljmYkVBQDh39YkF3cqPkIKp-cVSVsGgCAzH9x7I0ojppuiLCGAEPVfX4MOx19_Mhc4rF8SsbKtl4eu3tJqCbpg/s768/America's%20250th.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJEFf874xGsTMO1x91okM9XZxi4qYRfjo9NqhwW_v5-iB8OvjWBprT-0Jy_aBBcmSWrkGS-OMV5I7UElR6gORlRmPqbsOYqHv5E0kTljmYkVBQDh39YkF3cqPkIKp-cVSVsGgCAzH9x7I0ojppuiLCGAEPVfX4MOx19_Mhc4rF8SsbKtl4eu3tJqCbpg/w200-h200/America's%20250th.png" width="200" /></a></div>Celebrate the founding of our country with cockades! This year marks the beginning of 250th anniversaries that so many of us have heard about all our lives. I will be offering cockades to commemorate these events. If you don't see a cockade in my shop to mark your favorite event, let me know and I'll be happy to add it!<div><br /></div><div>Our founders wore cockades as they fought for our right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The donning of a cockade showed their patriotic purpose to support the fledgling United States. It often required courage to take such a stand in a world where America was still viewed as a colonial frontier, not an international power. As we honor the memory of these patriots, we can wear cockades as well! </div><div><br /></div><div>Click here to see what America 250th cockades I currently offer in my shop. And <a href="mailto:creativecockades@gmail.com" target="_blank"><b>let me know</b></a> if I need to add something! Want to keep up with new items in the shop, as well as read fun cockade stories from history? Be sure to <a href="https://madmimi.com/signups/121411/join" target="_blank"><b>sign up for my emails</b></a> here! (No spam, I promise)</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://creativecockades.ecwid.com/Americas-250th-c143821605" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="328" data-original-width="960" height="109" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg91tSGj6WKx_2GCniPhgrjcjSACgzjfRtC5DqRXDPi13dVdKDPQ3hjdi-9H3bgWQGKf32Vf1hh2hiJmF0HhvrF2n29dsSQd2-Z0TTphFzuWfO3BoGTXjKQ4ecYKFSLHKSNUN3D3nImJQBMPwFTozSgV61VNwq_zMuWLoHZViKB6Jp5N9Avioi-pm2byA/s320/America's%20250th%20button.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-24740715692935463892022-11-02T13:00:00.002-07:002022-11-02T13:00:21.274-07:00Rosettes for Christmas<div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-y2TnmxnENKHgKR8rMVBfx-jLeG7BDWA94xnbq3i4NDVffttkv7VdQ4T950N4rxrnVYCxKQMy2zoFMdaVxHihJU8dg620mdnD8l0nYqSglhYQRT1rwJ1TCTDzf-q-I2f6jCpsdkyQjmmPjkV6C5ywI_kIVym1uSc8XNwLWEicsJWkvmXzjhgn33wOQ/s733/Rosettes%20for%20Christmas.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="733" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-y2TnmxnENKHgKR8rMVBfx-jLeG7BDWA94xnbq3i4NDVffttkv7VdQ4T950N4rxrnVYCxKQMy2zoFMdaVxHihJU8dg620mdnD8l0nYqSglhYQRT1rwJ1TCTDzf-q-I2f6jCpsdkyQjmmPjkV6C5ywI_kIVym1uSc8XNwLWEicsJWkvmXzjhgn33wOQ/w199-h195/Rosettes%20for%20Christmas.png" width="199" /></a></div><br />We all know of the basic old-fashioned ornaments that were used at Christmas time - strings of berries or popcorn, dried fruit and lighted candles. But did you know that rosettes were sometimes used as well?</div><div><br /></div><div>Here's a little fun Christmas decoration history for you - and it includes rosettes!</div><div><br /></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_65e8_Zm5d_kP3G607EO-LC0RL79H_X_BPB4zIK58IFGQLGS5Rx9tknumlpgNKZsbNMWlbQTD4M4fByvSvUsc0xzylcTiM8i7fCfnpnK-qXnTS1RJ0VOnFG0l9FE2HiNyHaei1CDF6FJDFQ3sQZH01hFzvyptaObCe5Mx0TRSLixj2i91wujbLlUB2Q/s719/Victorias%20Christmas%20Tree.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_65e8_Zm5d_kP3G607EO-LC0RL79H_X_BPB4zIK58IFGQLGS5Rx9tknumlpgNKZsbNMWlbQTD4M4fByvSvUsc0xzylcTiM8i7fCfnpnK-qXnTS1RJ0VOnFG0l9FE2HiNyHaei1CDF6FJDFQ3sQZH01hFzvyptaObCe5Mx0TRSLixj2i91wujbLlUB2Q/s320/Victorias%20Christmas%20Tree.png" width="239" /></a></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">A German Tradition</h2><div><br />Christmas trees have been around in some form or another for centuries. But the modern version of the Christmas tree and Christmas decorations apparently originated in the area of Germany. People would go to the huge fir forests in Germany and cut off the tops of the trees for their Christmas celebrations.</div><div><br /></div><div><a href="http://counties.agrilife.org/galveston/files/2012/03/12-23-2015-The-Tradition-of-the-Christmas-Tree-by-Dr.-William-M.-Johnson.pdf" target="_blank">Hessian soldiers</a> in the Revolutionary War and nineteenth century German settlers in America brought this tradition with them. Especially in areas like Texas and Pennsylvania, German immigrants established traditions of a fir tree to be decorated for Christmas. They became so popular that they began to be sold commercially in the 1850s. President Franklin Pierce is credited with <a href="https://potus-geeks.livejournal.com/1041903.html" target="_blank">bringing the first Christmas tree</a> to the White House in 1856.</div><div><br /></div><div>Concerns about over-harvesting in both America and Germany resulted in the invention of artificial trees such as <a href="https://hollysheen.blogspot.com/2018/12/feather-trees-old-tradition.html" target="_blank">feather trees,</a> and in tree farms <a href="https://whitedogfarms.net/2014/12/new-jersey-is-home-to-first-christmas-tree-farm/" target="_blank">(first established in 1901).</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Queen Victoria, herself of German descent, popularized the Christmas tree in the 1840s, and the image of her family around the tree was widely published in both Europe and America.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLnZgzWyRAcDA9Z_08DDe2ZXh2N2CN7L1gWF1CN4c372lMam__eHmsjOZywyn6rqQSW3-EGoLHuTD77GD5X76grDd1oExA0GToVheKPoBy-ZodGEzZLYio1L-PMUqL86xURVqrCOXttFdGU1rhHpi92KnQg98WBGLRtxHUW6x-oW3ruI3TPOnWLnYIjA/s720/A%20German%20engraving%20of%20a%20Christmas%20scene%20circa%201869.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="607" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLnZgzWyRAcDA9Z_08DDe2ZXh2N2CN7L1gWF1CN4c372lMam__eHmsjOZywyn6rqQSW3-EGoLHuTD77GD5X76grDd1oExA0GToVheKPoBy-ZodGEzZLYio1L-PMUqL86xURVqrCOXttFdGU1rhHpi92KnQg98WBGLRtxHUW6x-oW3ruI3TPOnWLnYIjA/s320/A%20German%20engraving%20of%20a%20Christmas%20scene%20circa%201869.png" width="270" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>A German engraving of a Christmas scene, c. 1869</i></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="text-align: left;">Decorating the Tree</h2><div><br />I found a sweet little story in an 1860 edition of Godey's Lady's Book entitled <a href="https://archive.org/details/godeysladysbook00phil/page/505/mode/1up" target="_blank">"The Christmas Tree."</a> Long before Hallmark movies, ladies' magazines of the day carried heart-warming, feel-good stories about Christmas, and this tale is no exception. However, the fascinating part for me was the description of the family decorating their tree.</div><div><br /></div><div>"The square of green baize being tacked down, a large stone jar was placed in the middle of it, and in this the tree stood nobly erect. Damp sand was put round the stem till the large green tree stood firmly in its place. A flounce of green chintz round the jar concealed its stony ugliness, and over the top, round the tree, was a soft cushion of moss. It was a large evergreen, reaching almost to the high ceiling, for all the family presents were to be placed upon it.</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfZNXljto--15tCToB3auUimEPM6rR6WGMS-xvH4KNP5DWZlXIN_WeWaDT1MdtYrtERZplfvEtAnxNVViuiR6p37AZlyygtU3eoyMp5_47d8iV2qV70L6nMp_qLS482ydni_q65eqbduS9Ekov9n6muRr_AMsWmRAlWe4i2R7reRx4BeXOk3zWqMfGfw/s985/The%20Christmas%20Tree%20Harper's%20Weekly%201870.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="985" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfZNXljto--15tCToB3auUimEPM6rR6WGMS-xvH4KNP5DWZlXIN_WeWaDT1MdtYrtERZplfvEtAnxNVViuiR6p37AZlyygtU3eoyMp5_47d8iV2qV70L6nMp_qLS482ydni_q65eqbduS9Ekov9n6muRr_AMsWmRAlWe4i2R7reRx4BeXOk3zWqMfGfw/s320/The%20Christmas%20Tree%20Harper's%20Weekly%201870.jpg" width="260" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>"The Christmas Tree," Harper's Weekly, 1870</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br />"This finished, the process of dressing commenced. From a basket in the corner, Marion drew long strings of bright red holly-berries, threaded like beads upon fine cord. These were festooned in graceful garlands from the boughs of the tree, and while Marion was thus employed, Grace and the Doctor arranged the tiny tapers. This was a delicate task. Long pieces of fine wire were passed through the taper at the bottom, and these clasped over the stem of each branch, and twisted together underneath. Great care was taken that there should be a clear space above each wick, that nothing might catch fire.</div><div><br /></div><div>"Strings of bright berries, small bouquets of paper flowers, strings of beads, tiny flags of gay ribbons, stars and shields of gilt paper, lace bags filled with colored candies, knots of bright ribbons, all homemade by Marion's and Grace's skilful fingers, made a brilliant show at a very trifling cost, the basket seeming possessed of unheard-of capacities, to judge from the multitude and variety of articles the sisters drew from it."</div></div><div><br /></div><div><b>From other period descriptions of decorations, I suspect the "knots of bright ribbons" was another way of saying ribbon rosettes.</b></div><div><br /></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNDMCc758adGFB86XAK_1q5ONy6CB9KYY-ldP7N5DJ0z2FhViigpMlYnADcCpQqNotsM0_gFWXYuyBU5WcCkyS-rUDAC38LqEbO1_ljRg0rNF7QGosyJJ_gfIgxsHyH9qeq9Gx3GmbuaimdqK1wF2J0ws_LCktSk2dzeRKxSceSXm_RkEtq7a_N9n6aw/s952/1876%20Victorian%20Tree.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="952" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNDMCc758adGFB86XAK_1q5ONy6CB9KYY-ldP7N5DJ0z2FhViigpMlYnADcCpQqNotsM0_gFWXYuyBU5WcCkyS-rUDAC38LqEbO1_ljRg0rNF7QGosyJJ_gfIgxsHyH9qeq9Gx3GmbuaimdqK1wF2J0ws_LCktSk2dzeRKxSceSXm_RkEtq7a_N9n6aw/s320/1876%20Victorian%20Tree.jpg" width="269" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>1876 Victorian Christmas Tree</i></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="text-align: left;">As Advertised: Christmas Rosettes!</h2><div><br />If you're looking for a more specific reference to Christmas rosettes, though, I love this one from a German newspaper in Allentown, PA, dated December 15, 1869:</div><div><br /></div><div>"Christmas rosettes. Rosettes are the loveliest decoration for a Christmas tree and are being used more and more each year. Two to three dozen suffice to do a rather large tree. They can be used year after year. The price is thirty cents a dozen. Siemon, Bro & Co, Fort Wayne, Indiana and Hermann Albert, Allentown, PA."</div><div><br /></div><div>And the tradition continued for many years, as evidenced by this advertisement from the Wilmington, DE "The Daily Gazette" in December 1876.</div></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsGwAwVWFll_pYWn4O1gho6eHHQvUN0UyYdoIi8ZQWGjBCE1cWqul34df_Irw0MrW40ifglh9_I4ppKbuPaGOC_pJUIE7NN0skDWCtDpjtGBv3z8SryGvszx7IwqZzAP8qI6VF-A6slN5VQe5sj2Ywj1Rb_Av-7WWZVKoEDhOMSvMtiuEOHW8vZ9g-jw/s971/Christmas%20Rosettes%20advertisement.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="971" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsGwAwVWFll_pYWn4O1gho6eHHQvUN0UyYdoIi8ZQWGjBCE1cWqul34df_Irw0MrW40ifglh9_I4ppKbuPaGOC_pJUIE7NN0skDWCtDpjtGBv3z8SryGvszx7IwqZzAP8qI6VF-A6slN5VQe5sj2Ywj1Rb_Av-7WWZVKoEDhOMSvMtiuEOHW8vZ9g-jw/s320/Christmas%20Rosettes%20advertisement.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><div>Well obviously I couldn't ignore this fun idea for decorating during the holidays! So a number of years ago, I started offering my customers the option of either choosing a pin back or an ornament loop for many of my cockades. If you don't see that option available on the cockade you want, just let me know and I'll be happy to offer it for you! I also offer cockades that can be tied onto a wreath.</div><div><br /></div><div>Some of my ornaments have been vintage style, the "knot of ribbons" mentioned above. Others are more modern and include special photos or emblems. Either way, I think it's a beautiful fashion!</div></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-2353505736014556152022-01-17T06:00:00.000-08:002022-01-17T06:00:00.154-08:00American Civil War: Which Cockade Is Right for Your Persona?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjV6kJ1im_i9ZBi60IKVbQDhmuIv7IaZTSEY7QORDg56D8gbGoBp1lW6H6w17jRRXvU7-3fa97boHSe8-aigitUKY6g2nviwXwRG3Xtt89mTRrwrSMjkKzsm1U6BUD0XOu3HuF-RWOT9uFxnu9_0j0z4qNo4xjcpSSkj3YD5fMaw0n5ZSFPp4y4n3Bfig=s768" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjV6kJ1im_i9ZBi60IKVbQDhmuIv7IaZTSEY7QORDg56D8gbGoBp1lW6H6w17jRRXvU7-3fa97boHSe8-aigitUKY6g2nviwXwRG3Xtt89mTRrwrSMjkKzsm1U6BUD0XOu3HuF-RWOT9uFxnu9_0j0z4qNo4xjcpSSkj3YD5fMaw0n5ZSFPp4y4n3Bfig=s320" width="320" /></a></div>In my ten years of recreating and selling authentic cockades, I have helped many people choose just the right political cockade for their impression. Probably the most entertaining encounter I had was with a lady who insisted on choosing an American Civil War cockade to “match her dress.” I tried to point out that there was a big difference between wearing a pro-secession cockade and a pro-union cockade, but she airily dismissed my concerns. It had to match the dress! <p></p><p>I’m assuming most of y'all care a bit more deeply about making sure your cockade is correct for your historic persona. The heyday for cockades in America was 1850-1900, so there are dozens of options for you to choose from. Clubs, fraternities, funerals, processions, festivals, fundraisers, political events, campaigns, you name it! People wore cockades for all of these to identify with a cause or signify some kind of rank or service. </p><p>So.... How do you choose what to wear? </p><p>For the purposes of this article, I’m simply going to cover political cockades. (Otherwise, this might turn into a book!) But do be aware that there are many other types of cockades that can be designed and worn for your historic events if you wish. Meanwhile, let’s take a look at how to choose the appropriate political cockade for your Civil War impression!</p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiq_EuyO1eYouAVeIfy2sXZ92eucnJgjTGUWNvbu8hn2vd9jd8yydf9xPNYtNHRnY6C77611iumR3FiQXUhZUQ5Mg0rW5BkgWW-mFslrcvcYJqKXKKkd2Mx_5GgYvvm6XbFRkeOHCdeXLTHKoLqvd2Sbu2GUU2nPosyqc6zykdubxXZ1MkgjsBssPx16g=s768" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiq_EuyO1eYouAVeIfy2sXZ92eucnJgjTGUWNvbu8hn2vd9jd8yydf9xPNYtNHRnY6C77611iumR3FiQXUhZUQ5Mg0rW5BkgWW-mFslrcvcYJqKXKKkd2Mx_5GgYvvm6XbFRkeOHCdeXLTHKoLqvd2Sbu2GUU2nPosyqc6zykdubxXZ1MkgjsBssPx16g=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br />Which side are you on? </h2><p>As noted above, there were cockades (typically rosettes made out of ribbon) for both North and South in 1860s America. As we all know, however, history is not quite as cut and dried as that. In every southern state that seceded, there were those who were pro-union. And in every state in the Union, there were those who were either pro-secession or at least sympathized with the South. You’ll need to decide what your politics are before you can make any further decisions regarding your political badges. </p><p>Pro-union cockades were almost always red, white and blue, often called “tricolor.” The center emblem, if there was one, was generally left up to the wearer’s fancy unless it was a mandatory military cockade. Stars, military buttons, and small pictures of famous Americans (such as George Washington) were fashionable as centers. </p><p>Pro-secession cockades fall into two general categories, Southern cockades and Northern Copperhead badges. </p><p>Southern cockades were generally all blue, all red, or red and white. Once again, center emblems include stars, military buttons and pictures, but additionally southern products such as palmetto fronds, pine burs, corn or cotton were used. These homegrown products emphasized the agrarian nature of the Confederacy, as opposed to the more industrialized North.</p><p>These pro-South badges could be worn in the North as well as the South, but the pro-South movement in the North also had another badge – the Copperhead. Copperheads wore a copper “Lady Liberty” cent on their watch fobs, or had the head of Lady Liberty cut out and made into a stick pin. </p><p>One other small niche of cockade designs was worn by both sides – a black, or black and white cockade. This harkens back to America’s beginnings in the 1770s, when the Continental Army’s official cockade was black or black and white. The idea, used by both Northerners and Southerners, was to show that their cause was the one truly representing the ideals of America’s founding.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia0qQVc4Ur5hEw7iRx1_rElz3r8UDLoH2itNmS6xqFbU2TR4rg5QaQ271bP6cvJqOGHrWFpf4f1RA-B5OOoNZqbxgMo41HPGQC7h8QUHP4tQJnofbq29wWueCEpLdVyxxSjuwsUgA8SPTuchZNKv2A4Zk1HVgKe05vFyFA8U2MjgyEtPk2uKeZEsTCTw=s1575" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1533" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEia0qQVc4Ur5hEw7iRx1_rElz3r8UDLoH2itNmS6xqFbU2TR4rg5QaQ271bP6cvJqOGHrWFpf4f1RA-B5OOoNZqbxgMo41HPGQC7h8QUHP4tQJnofbq29wWueCEpLdVyxxSjuwsUgA8SPTuchZNKv2A4Zk1HVgKe05vFyFA8U2MjgyEtPk2uKeZEsTCTw=s320" width="311" /></a></div><br />What year are you representing? </h2><p>In 1860-61, patriotic fervor (both pro- and anti-secession) was at its height. The reality of a bloody war had not yet set in and many thought the coming conflict would be minimal. It was popular and fun to not only pick a side, but to publicly show your sentiments with a cockade. We see account after account like this one from <a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026547/1860-12-04/ed-1/seq-4/" target="_blank">a southern newspaper: </a></p><p><i>“SECESSION MEETING IN GEORGIA. Columbus, Nov. 24. The demonstration made here to-day was the greatest ever seen in Western Georgia. All the merchants closed their stores and joined in the procession. Flags and banners were suspended on the streets, the military and Southern Guard paraded in procession, and cannon were fired as a salute to the Southern Confederacy. Messrs. Yancey and Rice spoke in the morning to a crowd of 5,000 people. John Cochrane, of Alabama, spoke at night, with Senator Iverson and Mr. Crawford. Nine-tenths of the people – men, women and children – wear the disunion cockade.” </i></p><p>Northern accounts speak of the holiday atmosphere in cockade-wearing as well. <i>“The uniforms on drill were fantastic - some self-made paper hats, tri cockade, square and round, as fancy designed; others, for pantaloons, had their blankets folded over a string much like the Kilt of the Scot, bound to the waist by a knotted cord, or a wooden skewer for a pin. Truly, we may have been taken for some of our forbears, who had risen from their tombs and wandered over from Valley Forge to give us inspiration for the awful struggle yet to come, which no one of us, looked up in a serious light, all nearly with the view that it was to be a holiday only.” (The Andersonville Diary & Memoirs of Charles Hopkins, 1st New Jersey Infantry)</i></p><p>As the war progressed and the casualty list increased, patriotism was no longer a “fun” thing to be celebrated, but a deeply-felt principle to be supported with your life and military service (for men) or your material aid and comfort (for women). Cockades became more rare in 1862-65. </p><p>Sam Watkins in <a href="https://archive.org/details/coaytch00watk" target="_blank">“Co. Aytch”</a> reported early in the war, <i>“Everywhere could be seen Southern cockades made by the ladies and our sweethearts.”</i> By 1862 though, he said, <i>“I saw then what I had long since forgotten – a ‘cockade.’ The Kentucky girls made cockades for us, and almost every soldier had one pinned on his hat.” </i></p><p>Fannie Beers in Louisiana <a href="https://archive.org/details/beerswarmemories00fannrich" target="_blank">also recalled</a> the cockade-wearing to be short-lived. <i>“Who does not remember the epidemic of blue cockades which broke out in New Orleans during the winter of 1860 and 1861, and raged violently throughout the whole city? The little blue cockade, with its pelican button in the centre and its two small streamers, was the distinguishing mark of the “Secessionist.” </i></p><p>Cockades certainly appeared throughout the war, but the height of their popularity was 1860-61. A popular gathering, such as a fundraiser or general’s visit, could prompt the crowd to bring out the cockades again in later years. But in general, the mass wearing of them in the streets faded after 1861.</p><p>The exception to this was the presidential election of 1864 and Lincoln’s death in 1865. Both occasions brought out in the North many specialized cockades with the proper person’s picture in the center or a printed pendant with the person’s name. Tricolor cockades were generally used for presidential candidates. Black cockades were usually used for mourning Lincoln’s death. </p><p>Copperheads also had their heyday in 1864, the year of the presidential election. They controlled the Democratic platform and ending the war was one of their major campaign goals. When Lincoln won reelection, the Copperhead movement basically died.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgWh3BZGVQW38MQ70cwut0WqEXfLGCY30NZk58wUJHzX19DwFPiNu65DgIGrf9KRQf9wHl2gNHzsp9TwafsLdqGBGaWk7L01rajZsJDX0tJ7nctJEaLRS-m5z2OOk0BVcokpapGPrTo7F3FJV2KkDamXg-PJP3VE6QDHh_6NqhrR1dxfvSYb-vXsJmIfg=s960" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgWh3BZGVQW38MQ70cwut0WqEXfLGCY30NZk58wUJHzX19DwFPiNu65DgIGrf9KRQf9wHl2gNHzsp9TwafsLdqGBGaWk7L01rajZsJDX0tJ7nctJEaLRS-m5z2OOk0BVcokpapGPrTo7F3FJV2KkDamXg-PJP3VE6QDHh_6NqhrR1dxfvSYb-vXsJmIfg=s320" width="240" /></a></div>Are you civilian or military?</h2><p>Both civilians and soldiers wore cockades. Civilians’ cockades tended to be designed according to the wearer’s fancy. If a soldier was wearing a cockade provided by a friend or sweetheart, it was also usually designed by the maker. But in many cases, especially early in the war before uniforms on both sides became centrally standardized, regiments often had their own cockades. This happened most frequently in the South, but Northern militia regiments occasionally used them before later being absorbed into the regular US army. </p><p>If you are part of a reenacting unit that is militia or early war, you should check your unit’s historical records to see if such a cockade was designed for you. <a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83009573/1860-11-19/ed-1/seq-1/ " target="_blank">Here is one example.</a><i>“The scarlet cockade and steel button, of which we spoke yesterday, has, we learn, been unanimously adopted by the Edgefield Riflemen, and is now a pledge by them to resist Black Republican rule in or out of South Carolina. The motto is “Blood and Steel”—a reliable cure for present troubles.” </i></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDtGsOmfsReZ6shVKls5imsEc0mEEOsfCPWiYQNF-W3kasrDO6NSU1E3Rx9JayLTqNRUBQuvnPgNaI4EPN6VxBYPEYE3yFp-4HNwvgMRPNya37OswqP3jX0X8yMYYAeRa3rLHu2p0s6EFaizV2ZP_NpByf_0JDJpV8I45agQKrZ8uxsjFKiWC_8ekeEQ=s960" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjDtGsOmfsReZ6shVKls5imsEc0mEEOsfCPWiYQNF-W3kasrDO6NSU1E3Rx9JayLTqNRUBQuvnPgNaI4EPN6VxBYPEYE3yFp-4HNwvgMRPNya37OswqP3jX0X8yMYYAeRa3rLHu2p0s6EFaizV2ZP_NpByf_0JDJpV8I45agQKrZ8uxsjFKiWC_8ekeEQ=s320" width="240" /></a></div>What state/region are you in?</h2><p>Though the pro-Union cockade seems have been universally tricolor, pro-secession cockades varied wildly from state to state. For instance, <a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86063325/1860-12-27/ed-1/seq-1/ " target="_blank">this popular item</a> in Northern newspapers described cockades from several Southern states: </p><p><i>“South Carolina.—The cockade is made of three layers of very dark cloth, stitched at the edges and fastened together by a gilt button, on which the following appears in relief: In the center is the "Palmetto," with two arrows (crossed,) and fastened together at the point of crossing with a bow know of ribbon. The following is the motto around the button: Animous opibusque parati—"Ready with our minds and means." </i></p><p><i>Virginia.—This consists of a double rosette of blue silk, with a pendant of lemon color, the whole fastened together by a gilt button on which appear in relief the arms of Virginia, with the name of the State and its motto encircling it. Its motto is "Sic Semper Tyrannis." </i></p><p><i>Maryland.—The cockade is formed of a double rosette of blue silk, with blue pendants, and fastened the same as that of Virginia, with the State button, and the single world "Maryland" beneath the arms.” </i></p><p>This is by no means an exhaustive list of the various types of Southern cockades. North Carolinians often used pine burs on their cockades. One Arkansian account speaks of cotton and corn being featured on Arkansas cockades. If you want your cockade to be truly representative of your region, I recommend you either contact me for more information or search online newspapers and diaries from your area for references to cockades. (Use the words cockade, badge, rosette and ribbon, as they can all refer to the same thing.)</p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjptke3NHRenpBPex9zfhNwFx6QHpAE2jL_RWh_sVEV9MWc2g6Ix_Ql4dJw1MFXUdwHq5E_kteLQGfPlwzt7qOfbcScO6R-zJH8YqQqBvJTohKC_5GdHOyV9QO94Kd3z1rCynKINkTuEOyDU6KxG49BQDJZCH-_Yq0SpvNnt8bS_DWpXfMCsXEy7TS1Bw=s720" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="518" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjptke3NHRenpBPex9zfhNwFx6QHpAE2jL_RWh_sVEV9MWc2g6Ix_Ql4dJw1MFXUdwHq5E_kteLQGfPlwzt7qOfbcScO6R-zJH8YqQqBvJTohKC_5GdHOyV9QO94Kd3z1rCynKINkTuEOyDU6KxG49BQDJZCH-_Yq0SpvNnt8bS_DWpXfMCsXEy7TS1Bw=s320" width="230" /></a></div>What is your socio/economic status? </h2><p>As you may have gathered from the quotes I’ve given so far, cockades were worn by men and women, adults and children. They were also worn by white and black, and poor as well as rich. Regardless of your status, you can wear a cockade. However, your position in life could have an impact on what the cockade looks like. </p><p>Cockades were sold both retail and wholesale, so if you had money, you could purchase one. The price in the ads I’ve found seems to have generally been around 25-30 cents. You could also buy the ribbon and make the cockade yourself (or have your wife or sweetheart do it for you). Cockades were made from cotton, silk and wool, all of which would have been readily available in a lady’s sewing workbox. </p><p>The accounts of poorer folks wearing cockades imply that they were likely wearing a simple strip or rosette of ribbon. <a href="http://www.uttyler.edu/vbetts/mississippian.htm " target="_blank">In one account</a>, it was noted that, <i>“A number of charcoal dealers, from the interior of this district, were yesterday here on business, wearing—not the blue silk cockade—but plain strips of brown paper, bearing such mottoes as “Resistance,” “Remember Harper’s Ferry,” etc. We could not but admire the stern simplicity of this unpretending badge of devotion to South Carolina:—</i></p><p><i>The honest man, tho’ e’er sae poor, </i></p><p><i>Is king of men for a’ that.” </i></p><p>Some slaves apparently were able to either make or buy cockades themselves. I found several accounts mentioning them <a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038518/1860-12-23/ed-1/seq-3/ " target="_blank">wearing these badges.</a> <i>“The negroes of A.S. Coleman, Esq., of this place, created quite a sensation in that town yesterday, by appearing on the streets with blue cockades on their hats. It learns from Mr. Coleman that they requested the privilege of wearing them, as they said, to show their contempt for the abolitionists, and their love for their native South.” </i></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEils6uqduGIvFvR7TNdfAKXdcTglcaadL_LXZHwU9CufN9bdH__rtVpbBzUDkb7MutwKMHMy-7qn1PYmPcXJiScyjVzkJz3u3BulStyIBacmUXHYy9TBydUN-6I-NbckugF_l7e60drAQYFTP0O-oe_0qJPUsCzR_vO-u3nIa0WxSIXHqfLpwUnQ5tTzA=s802" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="802" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEils6uqduGIvFvR7TNdfAKXdcTglcaadL_LXZHwU9CufN9bdH__rtVpbBzUDkb7MutwKMHMy-7qn1PYmPcXJiScyjVzkJz3u3BulStyIBacmUXHYy9TBydUN-6I-NbckugF_l7e60drAQYFTP0O-oe_0qJPUsCzR_vO-u3nIa0WxSIXHqfLpwUnQ5tTzA=s320" width="287" /></a></div>How to use your cockade in your impression</h2><p>So, using your politics, your region, and your status, you have now created the perfect cockade for your impression! What will you do with it? </p><p>Cockades can be conversation-starters simply by wearing them. When explaining my badge to a spectator, I usually say that cockades are the “lapel pins” of the past. Then I try to draw an analogy of something they wear in modern life to support a cause – a t-shirt, hat or pin. Then I explain that wearing a cockade in the 1860s could be fun, but it could also be serious – cockades could literally start riots if you wear them in the wrong crowd! It’s pretty easy to bring up modern illustrations of how this could happen, to help them understand (wearing a MAGA hat to a Democrat rally, for example). </p><p>Then I use my cockade as a jumping-off point to discuss my “cause” further if the spectator is interested. Why am I pro-secession? Or perhaps, why am I wearing a badge to support Breckinridge instead of Lincoln? Do some research and have some fun with this. </p><p>You can create more intricate scenarios with cockades if you are interested and can get several other reenactors to help you. As I noted, cockades could start arguments, fights and riots. I’ve read a number of accounts of people trying to yank someone’s cockade off their hat or coat (ladies did this too!). A man could be kicked out of a bar for wearing an unpopular cockade. Officers have been documented to openly call out or sneer at a man wearing a badge from the opposite side. In one account, a lady was barred from receiving a teacher’s certificate because she was wearing a Copperhead badge. Politics was a blood sport in the 1860s. Try recreating these incidents to have some fun with your cockade!</p><p>As a final note, if you’re not sure where to start researching original descriptions and incidents concerning cockades, I have two digital books available in my shop that are compilations of quotes concerning Southern cockades and Northern cockades, respectively. </p><p>Have fun telling YOUR story with a cockade!</p><p><br /></p><div><br /></div>
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</center>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-72257029575378468812021-10-09T11:15:00.002-07:002021-10-09T11:15:26.943-07:00How Did They Wear Their Cockades?<p>It's one thing to look at an original cockade and admire its beauty. It's another thing to wear a reproduction yourself - HOW did they wear their cockades? Most questions I get about wearing cockades concern the American Civil War, so that's the time period this post will focus on.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">How Men Wore Cockades</h2><p>How did men wear their cockades? A look at original photos and quotes will show us that gentlemen have many options!</p><p><u><b></b></u></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><u><b><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qwk9MZok9Fg/YWHXzE2ovcI/AAAAAAAAKLA/FDJlZRoVBZkavOYjrke33_iik-oDfEzlACLcBGAsYHQ/s984/Carlisle%2BPa%2B8x10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="984" data-original-width="787" height="271" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qwk9MZok9Fg/YWHXzE2ovcI/AAAAAAAAKLA/FDJlZRoVBZkavOYjrke33_iik-oDfEzlACLcBGAsYHQ/w217-h271/Carlisle%2BPa%2B8x10.jpg" width="217" /></a></b></u></div><u><b><br />Lapels</b></u><p></p><p>When we look at photographic evidence, a large percentage of gentlemen wore their cockades pinned to their lapels. In "Blood and War at my Doorstep," Brenda McKean's memoirs of the war recall, "Patriotic individuals were sporting secession badges on their lapels and bonnets."</p><p>This civilian gentlemen is probably wearing an 1864 campaign cockade on his lapel, based on the date on the back of the photo. </p><p><b><u>Shoulder or Chest</u></b></p><p>Obviously, many uniforms and battle shirts did not have lapels. In those cases, photographic evidence shows a number of soldiers wearing their cockades on their chest or shoulder. Note these two examples of military gentlemen.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ps9bopxK_No/YWHYRY11d7I/AAAAAAAAKLM/6It5WAZXevoexcFhscHi7faNM636nSVsQCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/Lt%2BHenry%2BWilliams%2B31st%2BIowa%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1225" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ps9bopxK_No/YWHYRY11d7I/AAAAAAAAKLM/6It5WAZXevoexcFhscHi7faNM636nSVsQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Lt%2BHenry%2BWilliams%2B31st%2BIowa%2B2.jpg" width="191" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-owsf4cPMkmg/YWHYRDwSpcI/AAAAAAAAKLI/zBvZR2UHpPIERmR95VrHNlra4y4Eo-aGQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1606/Secession%2BCockade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1606" data-original-width="988" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-owsf4cPMkmg/YWHYRDwSpcI/AAAAAAAAKLI/zBvZR2UHpPIERmR95VrHNlra4y4Eo-aGQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Secession%2BCockade.jpg" width="197" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SRQfUJu2bWI/YWHYkGU6bqI/AAAAAAAAKLY/XoSFok30kzgl1U2ewbJ7s7muW1vf4qNsACLcBGAsYHQ/s1308/dark%2Bcockade%2Bedited.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1308" data-original-width="1046" height="223" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SRQfUJu2bWI/YWHYkGU6bqI/AAAAAAAAKLY/XoSFok30kzgl1U2ewbJ7s7muW1vf4qNsACLcBGAsYHQ/w178-h223/dark%2Bcockade%2Bedited.jpg" width="178" /></a></div><b><u>Vest</u></b><br />I have found on rare occasions that gentlemen sometimes wore their cockades on their vests. It is possible that this man is wearing a mourning cockade (it appears to be made of dark ribbon with a photo in the center). If so, he may have felt it would be more decorous and respectful to the person he was mourning not to wear it flamboyantly on his lapel or sleeve. It could also be a campaign cockade, in which case he may have wanted to keep it protected under his coat till he reached his political meeting.<p></p><p><b><u>Hat</u></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Eco8GuLyLuY/YWHZrdWGFbI/AAAAAAAAKLg/_Do2Ep_Fs34rsAb06urvjnHW6itydeq6QCLcBGAsYHQ/s450/Grant%2B-%2Bmourning%2Bband%2Bfor%2BLincoln2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="279" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Eco8GuLyLuY/YWHZrdWGFbI/AAAAAAAAKLg/_Do2Ep_Fs34rsAb06urvjnHW6itydeq6QCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Grant%2B-%2Bmourning%2Bband%2Bfor%2BLincoln2.jpg" width="198" /></a></div>When looking at original quotes, by far the most oft-mentioned method of wearing a cockade is on the hat. (There would probably be more photographic evidence of cockades in hats if it weren't for the fact that many gents took their hats off to be photographed.)<p></p><p>Tennessee soldier Sam Watkins wrote in "Company Aytch," "I saw then what I had long since forgotten - a 'cockade.' The Kentucky girls made cockades for us, and almost every soldier had one pinned on his hat."</p><p>South Carolina militia men organizing in the fall of 1860 wore their cockades as military hat badges. "The badge adopted is a blue rosette, two and a half inches in diameter, with a military button in the centre, to be worn upon the side of the hat."</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eMHZG1znz34/YWHZ9gJ_5hI/AAAAAAAAKLo/jpa_iJFwJ9QagHZEpBWsunBT-SOZD39HgCLcBGAsYHQ/s708/Lincoln.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="708" data-original-width="418" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eMHZG1znz34/YWHZ9gJ_5hI/AAAAAAAAKLo/jpa_iJFwJ9QagHZEpBWsunBT-SOZD39HgCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Lincoln.png" width="189" /></a></div>Civilian men also wore cockades on their hats. In fact, this January 1861 account mentions some black gentlemen who did so in Tennessee. "The Bolivar (Tenn.) Southerner says that the negroes of A.S. Coleman, Esq., of that place, created quite a sensation in that town a few days ago, by appearing on the streets with blue cockades on their hats."<p></p><p><b><u><br />Sleeve</u></b></p><p>And finally, some men chose to wear their cockades on their sleeves. Military gents almost universally did so when wearing a mourning cockade. We can see this by the many photos of officers wearing Lincoln mourning cockades after Lincoln's death in April 1865. Notice General Grant doing so in this picture.</p><p>I have occasionally seen photos of gents wearing political badges on their sleeves as well. In fact, this 1864 Lincoln campaign cockade has string ties on it, making it easy to tie it on as an armband.</p><p>The summary? Gentlemen, you have many choices for wearing your cockade!</p><p><br /></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">How Ladies Wore Cockades</h2><p>There is a lot of documentation that women wore cockades, as well as men. But how did they wear them? On their bonnets? In their hats? On their shoulders? The answer: All of the above!</p><p>There are many references in the newspapers, memoirs, and letters of the times talking about ladies wearing cockades, and there are even a few photographs. </p><p><b><u></u></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><u><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-znFAUSl5jmc/YWHa5F-QZQI/AAAAAAAAKLw/gfFY3bxHhQEWumSiqyLTc_VV6fb__thVwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1637/Lady%2Bwith%2Bcockade%2B3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1637" data-original-width="1194" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-znFAUSl5jmc/YWHa5F-QZQI/AAAAAAAAKLw/gfFY3bxHhQEWumSiqyLTc_VV6fb__thVwCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Lady%2Bwith%2Bcockade%2B3.jpg" width="233" /></a></u></b></div><b><u><br />Shoulders/Breast</u></b><p></p><p>The New York Times printed a report from New Orleans in November 1860 which said, "What gave peculiar interest to this grand display of beauty, grace, and elegance, was the exhibition of blue cockades worn on the shoulders of nearly all the ladies who appeared in public." <br /><br />Gideon Lincecum of Texas wrote on December 3, 1860, "Mass meetings, conventions, and minute men is all the go. Lone Star flags and blue cockades are fluttering to every breeze and glittering on every hat, as well as on the breast of many of our patriotic ladies."</p><p><br />This is certainly one of the easiest ways to wear your cockade. But hold on, there's more!</p><p><b><u>Hats</u></b></p><p>A quote from "Grander in Her Daughters" says, "Journalists covering the growing groundswell for secession in Tampa noted that blue cockades pinned in ladies' hats were 'a token of resistance to abolitionist rule - an appropriate graceful little emblem that evinces the true spirit of the wearers.'"</p><p>Fannie Beers wrote in her memoirs of the war, "Hats and bonnets of all sorts and sizes were made of straw or palmetto, and trimmed with the same. Most of them bore cockades of bright red and white (the "red, white, and red"), fashioned of strips knitted to resemble ribbons. Some used emblems denoting the State or city of the wearer, others a small Confederate battle-flag."</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OXAv9LCCIyc/YWHbdDnhnpI/AAAAAAAAKL4/KuapTbMnfA0YWRZQt8yRxjPhbN5onteDQCLcBGAsYHQ/s960/Cockade%2BLady%2B1.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OXAv9LCCIyc/YWHbdDnhnpI/AAAAAAAAKL4/KuapTbMnfA0YWRZQt8yRxjPhbN5onteDQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Cockade%2BLady%2B1.png" width="240" /></a></div><br />Ladies' hats were usually decorated with ribbons and flowers so it would have been easy to nestle a lovely cockade in the hat's decorations.<p></p><p><b><u>Bonnets</u></b></p><p>Brenda McKean recalled in her memoirs, "Patriotic individuals were sporting secession badges on their lapels and bonnets. Described as folded blue ribbons, some badges were red, white, and blue ribbons. Others wore a flower posy called a Southern badge, which consisted of a cluster of hyacinths and arborvitae tied with red/white/blue ribbons. Other men preferred a rosette of pinecones. Both men and women wore blue cockades during secession in Rockingham County, N.C."</p><p>The Daily Exchange noted in December 1860, "Many of the ladies of Richmond now wear the secession rosette in their bonnets, while others show the Union colors, red, white and blue."</p><p>So if you are a lady who wants to know where to wear your cockade... you have many options too!</p><div><br /></div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-23397419590571104602021-06-28T19:41:00.003-07:002021-06-28T19:41:37.397-07:00Knights of the Golden Circle: Southern Empire, Secret Society<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7KTYeqRZmaM/YNqF-BAc9wI/AAAAAAAAJ9A/mGlj3vIK1Ukuu9IK6WYT5f3p0M_V8o7ygCLcBGAsYHQ/s768/KGC.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7KTYeqRZmaM/YNqF-BAc9wI/AAAAAAAAJ9A/mGlj3vIK1Ukuu9IK6WYT5f3p0M_V8o7ygCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/KGC.png" /></a></div>George W. L. Bickley was a man with a troubled childhood, a scheming brain, and a thirst for fame and power. Add to that a well-read mind and real talent as an author and speaker, and you have the ingredients for a founder of a secret society that rocked the United States to its core in the 1860s.<p></p><p>Bickley formed the Knights of the Golden Circle on July 4, 1854. Membership sputtered along until Bickley managed to convince the already existing Order of the Lone Star – and its 15,000 members ranging from New York to Texas – to merge with the KGC. Suddenly he had a national organization worthy of the name. </p><p>The goal? To annex Mexico to the United States for a start, and later grab Cuba and other South American countries to create an empire – a “golden circle” of Southern states.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-65nRPkB6Pgo/YNqGKKjOtmI/AAAAAAAAJ9E/HzhDVfY9tsYzcokMLHvHLs4NGnt3_V3HQCLcBGAsYHQ/s750/map2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="569" data-original-width="750" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-65nRPkB6Pgo/YNqGKKjOtmI/AAAAAAAAJ9E/HzhDVfY9tsYzcokMLHvHLs4NGnt3_V3HQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/map2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>Annexation and Ambition</h3><p>Annexing southern countries was not an idea unique to Bickley. Cuba, still under the power of Spain, had multiple uprisings for freedom in the 1800s. Due to its proximity to the United States, many Americans looked favorably upon the idea of taking possession of it, both to extend US territory and to neutralize any possible enemy attacks from that location. Of course, Texas had been annexed to the US in 1845. Therefore, many were eyeing the bordering country of Mexico as more fruitful land to add to the US’s “Manifest Destiny” of expansionism. Furthermore, many South American countries were in the midst of revolutions to overthrow their parent European countries’ domination. They seemed ripe for possible annexation as well.</p><p>Bickley tapped into these American expansionist ambitions to cull support for his own ambition – to be part of the ruling elite of a Southern empire. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_39bo5dPsHk/YNqGU3szZSI/AAAAAAAAJ9M/U6VMlo6pLbwix7ws9_LSoWUpOFtMBa0QwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1258/book.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1258" data-original-width="736" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_39bo5dPsHk/YNqGU3szZSI/AAAAAAAAJ9M/U6VMlo6pLbwix7ws9_LSoWUpOFtMBa0QwCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/book.jpg" /></a></div>Goals of the Empire</h3><p>Of course, it’s no fun to simply conquer an empire and leave it at that. Bickley had much larger visions. In his own twisted way, he wanted to bring a utopian prosperity and morality to mankind by ruling them with a benevolent rod of iron. </p><p>In a long, windy and somewhat contradictory declaration in “General Order 52,” Bickley observed that while some say that peace is “a national blessing,” on the contrary, “all civilization is the fruit of war.” And it was just fortunate, according to Bickley, that there was a war for expansion and annexation just crying out to be fought. </p><p>Non-Anglo culture desperately needed the intervention of white Americans, in Bickley’s mind. Bickley remarked loftily, “The Anglo-American race has shown its moderation in government, its justice in trade, its generosity in war, and its superiority in all the walks of life; and the K.G.C. firmly believe that Providence has ordained it to evangelize and civilize the world....there is a land open to our occupancy; there is a people who beg our intervention.”</p><p>Somehow, he and other KGC members deceived themselves into believing that non-Anglos (blacks and Hispanics in particular) were all part of inferior cultures that needed the firm ruling hand of the Anglo-Saxon race. Unfortunately, this was an all-too-common belief throughout the western world in the middle 1800s. Thus, expanding KGC membership by tapping into the “Anglo-Saxon” superiority complex was fairly easy.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3T3h4U3pxVg/YNqGcVfYwaI/AAAAAAAAJ9U/-8eOq3zwH2AcUtVDz2QkGfvvxycvvzbQQCLcBGAsYHQ/s640/KGC_-_Lyons_image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="591" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3T3h4U3pxVg/YNqGcVfYwaI/AAAAAAAAJ9U/-8eOq3zwH2AcUtVDz2QkGfvvxycvvzbQQCLcBGAsYHQ/w296-h320/KGC_-_Lyons_image.jpg" width="296" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Bickley's KGC badge. <br />Courtesy of Christopher Lyons</i>.</td></tr></tbody></table>Badges, Codes and Rituals</h3><p>Secret societies were all the rage in the 1800s. They were much like social clubs, and each society had its own aims and benefits. The KGC was primarily a military organization, but it had accompanying benefits such as the support of maimed veterans and widows. Local chapters were called “castles” and members were promised regular pay and rations when they went to war. And there was the promise of free land and presumed prosperity once the KGC’s aims of southern annexation were realized. </p><p>Special tokens, badges, handshakes and secret signs were spelled out for the KGC members. This was more than mere playacting for fun – the society’s goals of militant empire-building were actually illegal under the 1818 US Neutrality Act. Secrecy was a practical requirement.</p><p>Though there were a number of badges and tokens specified, Bickley relied on one theme over and over: a star and a golden circle. The <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rules-Regulations-Principles-K-Illustrated/dp/1535176393" target="_blank">"Rules, Regulations and Principles of the KGC"</a> command that, "All commissioned officers shall wear the great emblem of the legion…on the right breast." The emblem was described as "Gold circle encasing Greek cross, in center of which is a star.” A photograph exists of Bickley wearing his KGC badge and a badge of this description was found in Bickley’s effects after his arrest. Christopher Lyons, an historian of the KGC, has taken measurements of Bickley’s original badge and was a great help to me in recreating it for my customers.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Secession and Demise</h3><p>As tensions rose between North and South in 1860, the aims of the KGC began to shift from planning annexation to supporting secession. By 1860, the KGC already had or was recruiting many members in positions of power. Government officials, legislators, and military officers throughout the US either became members or worked with the KGC to strengthen the position of the Southern states in case of secession and war. </p><p></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cwdRWNPZua4/YNqGsRE2BGI/AAAAAAAAJ9c/r2ZVwqZ95AMfSs7s8_NoNwXfBC1VVIUBACLcBGAsYHQ/s500/bickley.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="323" height="411" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-cwdRWNPZua4/YNqGsRE2BGI/AAAAAAAAJ9c/r2ZVwqZ95AMfSs7s8_NoNwXfBC1VVIUBACLcBGAsYHQ/w266-h411/bickley.jpg" width="266" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>George Bickley, wearing his KGC badge.</i></td></tr></tbody></table>By 1860, the KGC claimed at least 48,000 members in the North alone. There were castles from California to the Eastern seaboard. These were organized military units, not merely names on a club roster. Military service was a requirement for membership. By the time the conflict began at Fort Sumter in April 1861, KGC troops were already taking military posts across the South, including the large federal arsenal at San Antonio, Texas. In many cases, the nucleus of a Southern unit raised early in the war was a local KGC castle. KGC castles were also instrumental in “persuading” (peacefully or otherwise) state conventions to vote for secession.<p></p><p>As KGC castles became absorbed into the Confederate army, their fame dissipated. By the end of the war, the KGC had disappeared. Some claimed that it continued and simply reorganized under other names. But so far, no historic proof has been found for that theory. </p><p>And what happened to Bickley? In June 1863, he headed north, possibly to help arrange support for Morgan’s Raid. His activities were deemed suspicious and he was eventually arrested and incarcerated for two years without trial. Ever concerned first with his own advancement, Bickley offered numerous plea deals, including a plan to instruct all KGC members to vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1864! (The deals were rejected.) He was released in 1865 upon his oath of amnesty with no charges ever being filed against him. He died in relative obscurity two years later. </p><p><br />
<div class="ecsp ecsp-SingleProduct-v2 ecsp-SingleProduct-v2-bordered ecsp-SingleProduct-v2-centered ecsp-Product ec-Product-107303534" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Product" data-single-product-id="107303534"><div itemprop="image"></div><div class="ecsp-title" itemprop="name" content="Knights of the Golden Circle Badge"></div><div itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer" itemscope itemprop="offers"><div class="ecsp-productBrowser-price ecsp-price" itemprop="price" content="45" data-spw-price-location="button"><div itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD"></div></div></div><div customprop="options"></div><div customprop="qty"></div><div customprop="addtobag"></div></div><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript" src="https://app.ecwid.com/script.js?7230159&data_platform=singleproduct_v2" charset="utf-8"></script><script type="text/javascript">xProduct()</script>
Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-78320891247989126782021-06-02T09:00:00.001-07:002021-06-02T09:14:22.592-07:00A Blood Red Field<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0hTrfKuCpjM/YLeqDtlFJEI/AAAAAAAAJ04/RiqeevVHGm4D3Mh9FHDLWrVjyubSeUcsgCLcBGAsYHQ/s768/A%2BBlood%2BRed%2BField.png" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0hTrfKuCpjM/YLeqDtlFJEI/AAAAAAAAJ04/RiqeevVHGm4D3Mh9FHDLWrVjyubSeUcsgCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/A%2BBlood%2BRed%2BField.png" /></a></div>No one felt the cold on January 9, 1861 as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_of_the_West" target="_blank">Star of the West</a> approached Charleston Harbor. South Carolina had seceded from the Union just a few weeks before, but Fort Sumter remained stubbornly in Union hands. Major Robert Anderson resolved to hold out as long as possible in his lonely, dangerous position in the harbor, but he needed support. That support was now steaming towards him.<p></p><p>But the South Carolina Citadel cadets stationed at Morris Island were likewise prepared to defend their position. As the ship rolled in closer, they fired the first shot of the Civil War across her bow.</p><p>And over the heads of the cadets flew "Big Red," a flag that would not only become famous in its own right but its colors would also start a Confederate tradition.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><u><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iWB50fc4P38/YLeqMZK05VI/AAAAAAAAJ08/QaFaleQCA4ovePJfWFyCLNceiIu_DvKvACLcBGAsYHQ/s300/citadel-spirit-flag.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="191" data-original-width="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-iWB50fc4P38/YLeqMZK05VI/AAAAAAAAJ08/QaFaleQCA4ovePJfWFyCLNceiIu_DvKvACLcBGAsYHQ/s0/citadel-spirit-flag.jpg" /></a></div><br />The Colors of the Confederacy</u></h3><p>Contemporary sources tell us the flag had a “blood red field” on which was sewn a “remarkably executed white palmetto tree.”</p><p>The <a href="http://genealogytrails.com/scar/women_conf/woman_conf_4.htm" target="_blank">Charleston Mercury noted </a>just four days before that the flag was presented to the cadets by the ladies in the family of flag maker Hugh Vincent. Eyewitness reports tell us that flags at Fort Johnson and Castle Pinckney looked similar. Shortly thereafter, red and white flags with stars or palmettos began appearing across the state.</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Lum56EZpVEM/YLeqQJxqqSI/AAAAAAAAJ1A/Mi-j641xEboP7tdQ6olGalqeYhTxw3WNgCLcBGAsYHQ/s225/colorwebboll.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="185" data-original-width="225" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Lum56EZpVEM/YLeqQJxqqSI/AAAAAAAAJ1A/Mi-j641xEboP7tdQ6olGalqeYhTxw3WNgCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/colorwebboll.jpg" /></a></div><br />As the color scheme caught on, it became associated particularly with secession and the Confederacy. Years later as the United Daughters of the Confederacy were organizing, they wanted to choose en emblem for their organization.<p></p><p>Their records state that, "Only one flower was considered by the committee, this one flower belonging exclusively to the South, giving the clear white and red of the Confederacy. The white for truth, the red for sacrifice, and again the white of a transcendent purity." Thus the cotton boll became the UDC's national emblem, and red and white became the organization's official colors.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><u><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ESCLiICrl3M/YLeqaTTWDEI/AAAAAAAAJ1I/OLBQo0lUspEtW1UuawbzV1CNs4nCCsP2QCLcBGAsYHQ/s2027/Red%2BPalmetto%2BSC%2BButton.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2027" data-original-width="1764" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ESCLiICrl3M/YLeqaTTWDEI/AAAAAAAAJ1I/OLBQo0lUspEtW1UuawbzV1CNs4nCCsP2QCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Red%2BPalmetto%2BSC%2BButton.jpg" /></a></div><br />The Cockades</u></h3><p>But of course, what grabbed my interest was the cockades!</p><p>Shortly after South Carolina seceded, striking cockades appeared across the South of red, or red-and-white. Fannie Beers wrote in her <a href="https://archive.org/details/beerswarmemories00fannrich" target="_blank">memories of the war,</a> "Hats and bonnets of all sorts and sizes were made of straw or palmetto, and trimmed with the same. Most of them bore cockades of bright red and white (the "red, white, and red"), fashioned of strips knitted to resemble ribbons. Some used emblems denoting the State or city of the wearer, others a small Confederate battle-flag."</p><p>A <a href="https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83009573/1860-11-19/ed-1/seq-1/" target="_blank">Baltimore newspaper reported</a> in November 1860 that, "The scarlet cockade and steel button, of which we spoke yesterday, has, we learn, been unanimously adopted by the Edgefield Riflemen, and is now a pledge by them to resist Black Republican rule in or out of South Carolina. The motto is 'Blood and Steel'—a reliable cure for present troubles."</p><p>I love this sharp looking color combo! I've been inspired to re-create many cockades in the red and white scheme and people seem to love wearing them. </p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><u><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T47kDkeAs3o/YLeqjuFcJCI/AAAAAAAAJ1Q/F_TGhmARl1Ug-7HFIyAdK6Jozq9E4KKegCLcBGAsYHQ/s300/citadel-cadets-drawing%2Bharpers.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="213" data-original-width="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T47kDkeAs3o/YLeqjuFcJCI/AAAAAAAAJ1Q/F_TGhmARl1Ug-7HFIyAdK6Jozq9E4KKegCLcBGAsYHQ/s0/citadel-cadets-drawing%2Bharpers.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Artist's rendition of the firing on the <br />Star of the West in Harper's Weekly. <br />Note the palmetto flag.</td></tr></tbody></table><br />Big Red</u></h3><p>And what became of the flag that started it all?</p><p>After analyzing it's construction, design and history, experts finally agreed that a flag in the <a href="http://www.loeser.us/flags/civil.html" target="_blank">Iowa Historical Society collection</a> is likely the original "Big Red" of Morris Island fame. The famous flag was captured at the fall of Fort Blakeley, AL in April 1865, shortly before the war ended.</p><p>In 2010, "Big Red" came home to the Citadel, on loan for the four years of the War's sesquicentennial. And the design of Big Red lives on in the Citadel's flag today.</p><p><br /></p>
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<div class="ecsp ecsp-SingleProduct-v2 ecsp-SingleProduct-v2-bordered ecsp-SingleProduct-v2-centered ecsp-Product ec-Product-363526775" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Product" data-single-product-id="363526775"><div itemprop="image"></div><div class="ecsp-title" itemprop="name" content="Big Red Cockade"></div><div itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer" itemscope itemprop="offers"><div class="ecsp-productBrowser-price ecsp-price" itemprop="price" content="15" data-spw-price-location="button"><div itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD"></div></div></div><div customprop="options"></div><div customprop="qty"></div><div customprop="addtobag"></div></div><script data-cfasync="false" type="text/javascript" src="https://app.ecwid.com/script.js?7230159&data_platform=singleproduct_v2" charset="utf-8"></script><script type="text/javascript">xProduct()</script>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-9729149450984739382019-10-30T18:53:00.000-07:002019-10-30T18:54:02.805-07:00Reformation and Cockades<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pz2082iRREo/Xbo-iEClmMI/AAAAAAAAIq8/Dd_4ANfdsC8tmyL4t9J8_DQ0RRcM01ejwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Reformation%2BDay%2Band%2BCockades.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="536" data-original-width="569" height="301" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pz2082iRREo/Xbo-iEClmMI/AAAAAAAAIq8/Dd_4ANfdsC8tmyL4t9J8_DQ0RRcM01ejwCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/Reformation%2BDay%2Band%2BCockades.png" width="320" /></a></div>
Over five hundred years ago, a movement began that would change the map of the world - and influence cockades for centuries!<br />
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On October 31, 1517 Martin Luther published his <a href="http://www.luther.de/en/95thesen.html" target="_blank">Ninety-Five Theses</a> combating the errors of the established Catholic church. This was no mere theological argument. The Pope and his church hierarchy had accumulated vast power in the world, making and unmaking kings and kingdoms. Luther's <i>Theses</i> were the first stroke at the foundation of a massive empire.<br />
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<h3>
Beards, Breaths, and Feathers </h3>
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(and Cockades)</h3>
One of the sources of income for this religious Catholic empire was the sale of indulgences, supposedly the forgiveness of sins for money. Peddlers of these indulgences often displayed phony "relics" - items supposedly belonging to Christ or the Catholic saints. In <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WaUGAAAAQAAJ&pg" target="_blank">an 1853 history</a> of the Protestant Reformation, we are told about some of these relics - note the cockade reference!<br />
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"At Wittenberg were shown a piece of Noah's ark, a small portion of soot from the furnace of the three young Hebrews, a bit of the manger in which our Savior was laid, a little of the beard of the great Christopher, and <i>nineteen thousand</i> other relics of greater or less value. At Schauffhausen was shown the breath of St. Joseph, which Nicodemus had received into his glove; at Wurtemberg, a dealer in indulgences carried on his head a cockade, containing <i>a large feather from the wing of Michael the archangel!</i> Think you, was it not time for heaven to interpose? Luther appears amid all this to accomplish heaven's behests."<br />
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Luther was the catalyst for the <a href="http://www.theopedia.com/reformed-theology" target="_blank">Reformation,</a> a movement that insisted the church go back to Scripture alone, without inventions of men.<br />
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<h3>
Reformers, Catholics and Cockades</h3>
Catholicism and Protestantism began a struggle that involved not merely the kingdom of God, but also the kingdoms of men. Many a civil war was fought between Catholic and Protestant claimants to the same thrones. And naturally, each side of the conflict usually had its own cockade.<br />
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The Catholic Stuarts wore the white cockade in their quest to gain England's throne and that became the basis for the Scottish white cockade. <a href="http://creativecockades.blogspot.com/2012/08/the-white-cockade.html" target="_blank">(Read my blog post about it here.)</a><br />
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The Protestant Dutch William ultimately gained England's throne and brought with him the Dutch orange cockade. That's why Protestant Irish wear orange, while Catholic Irish wear green. <a href="http://creativecockades.blogspot.com/2016/04/easter-rising.html" target="_blank">(Yep, I've got a blog post on that too.)</a><br />
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William and Mary established Britain as Protestant, but the fracas between Catholic and Protestant didn't end. The Papist Act of 1778, for example, sparked riots that rocked the city of London and were led by anti-government rioters wearing blue cockades. Those blue cockades, by the way, were to appear again several times in American anti-government movements - notably the Nullification Crisis of 1832 and the Secession Crisis of 1860-61. <a href="http://creativecockades.blogspot.com/2012/08/history-of-blue-cockade-part-2.html" target="_blank">(Aaaand here's the blog post.)</a><br />
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As Protestant and Catholic statesmen boiled along in political disputes, the real Reformation continued. Puritans within the church and Separatists or Non-Conformists outside of the church sought to wean the church from the teachings of men and go back to Scripture alone. But the persecution continued. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofhug1216hugu#page/n133/mode/2up" target="_blank">An account of French Huguenots</a> tells of cockades and a massacre:<br />
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<i>Armed bands rushed from Nimes into the country around, ravaged, murdered, or blackmailed the Protestant farmers and small cultivators. Some of the more remote, isolated, and consequently defenceless victims, wishing to find protection, obtained from the Prefet of Alons white flags and cockades. This was done under the eyes of the ' Sous-Prefet ' who, on August 2, gave Graffan the order to march on those very men termed now by that treacherous official 'disguised rebels.' Graffan, proud of this official order, marched forthwith to St. Maurice, seized six men haphazard, brought then triumphantly to the same 'esplanade,' and shot them under the windows of the 'Sous-Prefet,' notwithstanding the protests of the doomed men that they were Royalists and bore the white cockade.</i><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-duq6zwscmHM/Xbo9gmJrx1I/AAAAAAAAIqs/MEnm7fNgnAcsGUQNoFjLbV_K4YrlLYwdACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/The%2BFirst%2BThanksgiving%2Bat%2BPlymouth%2B-%2BBrownscombe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" height="213" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-duq6zwscmHM/Xbo9gmJrx1I/AAAAAAAAIqs/MEnm7fNgnAcsGUQNoFjLbV_K4YrlLYwdACLcBGAsYHQ/s320/The%2BFirst%2BThanksgiving%2Bat%2BPlymouth%2B-%2BBrownscombe.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The first Thanksgiving at Plimouth</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In seeking a way to practice religion according to Scripture instead of the State, many people began looking for a new place to start over. And they found it in the New World. Pilgrims began to arrive in America to <a href="https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/winthrop.htm" target="_blank">create a city on a hill,</a> an example of how practicing biblical religion can create a strong, healthy society.<br />
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The Christian foundations of America's history can be traced 500 years back to Martin Luther and his 95 theses. And a long line of cockades marks the trail!<br />
<br />Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-16435630957081919892019-07-17T19:01:00.001-07:002019-07-17T19:01:46.061-07:00Betsy Ross and the First American Flag<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VPkHEjB-1NE/XS_P4WrCntI/AAAAAAAAIfQ/b5owt2jycogxoYO3xHT4_VUyvMb_6lFOQCLcBGAs/s1600/betsy_ross_sewing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1146" data-original-width="685" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VPkHEjB-1NE/XS_P4WrCntI/AAAAAAAAIfQ/b5owt2jycogxoYO3xHT4_VUyvMb_6lFOQCLcBGAs/s320/betsy_ross_sewing.jpg" width="191" /></a></div>
The colors and emblems on cockades have always signified great meaning. The same is true with flags. The Betsy Ross flag is no exception! Both the meaning of the flag and the story of the woman who made it are an inspiration to every American who loves his country.<br />
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<u>The Woman</u><br />
Betsy Ross's story is that of a true American who works hard, asks no favors and is a blessing to society. Betsy was no stranger to hardship. Twice widowed by age 30, she had also lost a child by her second husband. Her third marriage survived many years but she lost another child. But Betsy had the resilient American spirit that keeps going through struggle.<br />
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She was an entrepreneur and talented upholsterer and seamstress. She supported herself with these skills through the loss of two husbands and made a name for herself as a woman of skill. She worked on uniforms, tents and flags for the Continental Army, and reportedly even made bed hangings for George Washington. As her business succeeded, she became a blessing to extended family, taking in widowed or orphaned relatives who needed help.<br />
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Historical tradition says that in the summer of 1776, George Washington, Robert Morris and George Ross visited her upholstery shop and brought a sketch of an American flag for her to make. It is said that Betsy then made the first flag shortly thereafter.<br />
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<u>The Flag</u><br />
On January 1, 1776, Washington ordered the Grand Union Flag to be raised during the Continental Army siege of Boston. This flag had thirteen stripes which alternated red and white. The British Union Jack was in the upper left corner of the flag. "Ceremony staged on Prospect Hill, in Somerville, where a seventy-six foot flagstaff had been erected, so lofty that it could be seen even in distant Boston. On this was hoisted the 'Union Flag in Compliment to the United Colonies.' This Great or Grand Union Flag was nothing more than the Meteor Flag of Great Britain modified by having six horizontal white stripes imposed in its field....These of course signified the thirteen original colonies, while retention of the British Union in the first canton testified continued loyalty, as Americans saw it, to the constitution of the government against which they fought." <a href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/history-of-the-united-states-flag-from-the-revolution-to-the-present-including-a-guide-to-its-use-and-display/oclc/000360750" target="_blank">(The History of the United States Flag)</a><br />
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On June 14, 1777, the Continental Congress passed the First Flag Act, creating the new country’s first official flag. "That the flag of the United States be made of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new Constellation." <a href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=lljc&fileName=008/lljc008.db&recNum=90" target="_blank">(First Flag Act)</a><br />
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George Washington is credited with saying: "We take the stars from Heaven, the red from our mother country, separating it by white stripes, thus showing that we have separated from her, and the white stripes shall go down to posterity representing Liberty." In speaking of the new Great Seal, more meaning was given to the colors chosen for the fledgling United States. "White signifies purity and innocence, Red, hardiness & valour, and Blue, the color of the Chief (the broad band above the stripes) signifies vigilance, perseverance & justice."<br />
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In recent days, the story of Betsy Ross and the First Flag of the United States have been under attack. Therefore I thought it only fitting to create a special Betsy Ross Cockade to celebrate this amazing woman and the flag that symbolize our American heritage!<br />
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Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-5347104216803986632019-01-11T11:27:00.000-08:002019-01-11T11:27:10.247-08:00Italy's First Cockade<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BhhcBmseT_E/XDjtff-7rHI/AAAAAAAAISo/xeUBa5oNWnALPqVBg3JbB4NhCeUWrQ0AwCLcBGAs/s1600/blog%2Bbanner.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="719" height="319" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BhhcBmseT_E/XDjtff-7rHI/AAAAAAAAISo/xeUBa5oNWnALPqVBg3JbB4NhCeUWrQ0AwCLcBGAs/s320/blog%2Bbanner.png" width="320" /></a></div>
The world was facing violent unrest in 1794. Across the globe, monarchical dictatorships grew more oppressive, the power of the papal despotism was growing - and the people were revolting.<br />
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The French Revolution was in full swing and France was pretty much at war with the world. Napoleon would justly win fame as a world-class military leader through these wars, but his success was also due to another factor: Many countries were already facing internal revolution. When his army approached, he was often greeted by friendly revolutionaries trying to overthrow their own oppressive government.<br />
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Which brings us to Italy – and the dramatic story of their first cockade.<br />
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Young Plotters</h3>
Italy was fragmented and largely ruled by absolutist foreign powers in the late 1700s. Consequently, there was much unrest and protest among the people, particularly against the power of the papacy and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquisition#Roman_Inquisition" target="_blank">Holy Inquisition.</a> Two of these protesters, young university students, were to go down in Italian history: <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_De_Rolandis" target="_blank">Giovanni Battista De Rolandis</a> and <a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Zamboni" target="_blank">Luigi Zamboni.</a><br />
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De Rolandis and Zamboni were planning a revolution. But Napoleon was approaching the Italian borders, so De Rolandis’ and Zamboni’s friends urged them to wait, in order to receive help from Napoleon's army. Young and impatient, they disliked the idea of perhaps another year or two of grinding oppression… and they also disliked the idea of French interference in Italian affairs.<br />
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Conspirators' Cockades</h3>
So they continued anyway. They created a network, not only plotting an overthrow of the current government, but also arranging for a new government to be immediately set up. They set a date for their uprising. And to provide a badge of identification, they created a tricolor cockade.<br />
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This cockade was based on the French tricolor of red, white and blue, just as their ideals were based on French republicanism. But not wanting to copy the French exactly, they substituted green for blue, as the universal symbol of “hope.” Subsequent records indicate that Zamboni's mother and aunt sewed the cockades.<br />
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The uprising was initiated on November 13. But on November 14, a gathering of these plotters was betrayed and the students were arrested by the papal police. Both were tortured to try and find out who else was involved in the plot. Neither gave in, however. The following summer, Zamboni committed suicide in prison and De Rolandis was hanged. Zamboni's mother and aunt, along with his father, also suffered death for their part in the uprising.<br />
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When the papal police crushed the initial uprising, they tried to destroy all of the patriots’ cockades. But one survived, and is now considered an Italian national treasure. It is still the property of the De Rolandis family who allows it to be displayed in national museums. This is a picture of it.<br />
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Napoleon's Ratification</h3>
When Napoleon’s troops did finally arrive the following year in 1796, he was greeted as a savior from oppression by many of the Italian people. In a grand ceremony, Napoleon presented the military of the new Italian republic with a flag. It was the flag we know today, stripes of red, white and green. And the reason for those colors? They were based on the cockades of the two patriotic students, De Rolandis and Zamboni. “Since they chose these three colors, so let them be,” Napoleon declared.<br />
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Symbol of Patriotism</h3>
Italian poets ever since have rhapsodized about the symbolism of the colors. In the 1790s, the colors were equated with the republican virtues of liberty, equality and fraternity. In religious lore, faith, hope and charity have always been symbolized by white, green and red. Other poets say these colors symbolize Italy’s land – the white snow of the Alps, the green grass of the valleys, and red fire of the volcanoes.<br />
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But the ultimate symbolism of the colors comes from the cockades of two young men and their families who refused to submit to oppression and gave their lives for the freedom of their people.<br />
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If you want to read more about this stirring story from history, <a href="http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/carducci/bortolotti.html" target="_blank">this is a good article</a> to start with. (Warning: It's in Italian.)Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-12677211485141869922018-06-06T13:44:00.003-07:002018-06-06T13:44:45.340-07:00Campaign Badges From History<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pv5njTN19qg/WxhEINuHJqI/AAAAAAAAHt0/ZnUvWlvDtCcWcG088iVJhCRyI18WuYVjACLcBGAs/s1600/Campaign%2BBadges%2Bfrom%2BHistory.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="718" height="200" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pv5njTN19qg/WxhEINuHJqI/AAAAAAAAHt0/ZnUvWlvDtCcWcG088iVJhCRyI18WuYVjACLcBGAs/s200/Campaign%2BBadges%2Bfrom%2BHistory.png" width="198" /></a></div>
It's campaign season!<br />
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If you're like me, you're probably getting tired of seeing and hearing campaign ads everywhere. They all seem to say the same things over and over, don't they?<br /><br />Just for fun, I thought we could go back in history and look at something more interesting (and entertaining!) - campaign badges!<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CQGkSbxFZcE/WxhGrs7liXI/AAAAAAAAHuE/xHXSi_MUSe8OyfgJyhQAEorn0XDkXM8qQCLcBGAs/s1600/Wide%2BAwakes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="645" data-original-width="959" height="215" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CQGkSbxFZcE/WxhGrs7liXI/AAAAAAAAHuE/xHXSi_MUSe8OyfgJyhQAEorn0XDkXM8qQCLcBGAs/s320/Wide%2BAwakes.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Political Police</h3>
If you think politics are rowdy now, you should have seen the 1860s! Riots, disruptions, brawls and beatings were often seen at political rallies. That's why the "Wide Awakes" were formed - to "protect" Republican party members at political meetings. Of course, they didn't mind doing a little rough stuff themselves to the other side, but their 1860 Mission Statement sounded quite virtuous:<br />
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<i>To act as a political police. To do escort duty to all prominent Republican speakers who visit our place to address our citizens. To attend all public meetings in a body and see that order is kept and that the speaker and meeting is not disturbed. To attend the polls and see that justice is done to every legal voter. To conduct themselves in such a manner as to induce all Republicans to join them. To be a body joined together in large numbers to work for the good of the Republican Ticket.</i><br />
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A Mark For the Enemy</h3>
<i>May 30th 1861</i><br />
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<i>Dear Brother</i><br />
<i>I take my pen in hand this morning to write you a few lines....Hutchens are all unionists I believe even to the women Some of us got to arguing with Eliza yesterday but we might as well have tried to make her believe that the sun shines here in the night as to make a secessionist of her, and this is the way with all the unionists Tell John Beard he must try to make a secessionist of his father and Sam. ...Thomas have you received your secession badge yet Hannah was telling us that she had made one for you but Ma told her she ought not to have done it as it would be a mark for the enemy to shoot at. You must excuse all these mistakes scratches & blotches in this nor you must not criticise it so closely as you used to do</i><br />
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<i>I remain your affectionate sister</i><br />
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<i><a href="http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/papers/A6053">Mary A Smiley</a></i><br />
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We Will Print No Badges</h3>
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Debate raged hotly in 1863-64 between the War Democrats and the Peace Democrats, also called Copperheads. In Ohio, in particular, tempers were high between John Brough (War Democrat) and Clement Vallandigham (Peace Democrat) who were both running for govnernor. I guess the "Tiffin Weekly Tribune's" position was pretty clear from <a href="http://%3Chttp//chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87076793/1863-10-02/ed-1/seq-2/%3E">the following statement:</a></div>
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<i>The War Democrats of Ohio have cut loose from the Copperheads. They met in State Convention at Columbus a week ago, and took strong grounds in favor of a vigorous prosecution of the war; sustained the National Administration and the soldiers in the field, and condemned the nomination and the course of Vallandigham. No Nominations were made. The Ohio war Democrats generally, will support Brough.</i></div>
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<i>Don’t Laugh:—“We will print no Vallandigham badges on the day of the Brough meetings.”—Advertiser.</i></div>
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<i>If you do, you must have a hard check, after such disgraceful proceedings on that 18th. The idea of printing badges for a traitor to his country - a man that was banished from his native State for treason! O, shame, where is thy blush!</i></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hogarth's 1754 "The Polling," shows both <br />buff and blue flags and cockades</td></tr>
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British Cockades and Corruption</h3>
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But angst over political badges wasn't confined just to the United States. There were rows over cockades for decades in England. Laws were passed periodically trying to suppress both cockades and corruption, as evidenced by <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bJgtAQAAMAAJ&pg=PR36&lpg=PR36&dq=british+bribe+cockade&source=bl&ots=AY_sVTl72C&sig=M2n_IPg39VMa3cjbanEDOcVZuvs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjkvsr1jbHbAhUH2IMKHQjHBakQ6AEIbjAM#v=onepage&q=cockade&f=false">this quote:</a></div>
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<i>"Mr. Lockhart said (March 2d, 1818,) that he approved of the general principle of the (election laws amendment) bill, especially that part forbidding the distribution of cockades. He had known 30,000 cockades given away at an election, and this signal of party was thus made an engine of bribery, not to the multitude at large, but towards persons of particular trades."</i></div>
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Several decades later, Charles Dickens noted the quarrel over cockades and corruption was still raging. In his <i>Household Words</i> in August 1853, tongue firmly in cheek, <a href="http://www.djo.org.uk/household-words/volume-vii/page-529.html">he noted humorously:</a></div>
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<i>FLAGS TO FURL.</i></div>
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<i>FLAGS, pennons, banners, bribery, beer, cockades, rosettes, brass bands and bludgeons being manifestly contrary and inimical to virtue, are to be abolished by the strong arm of the law. They are not in themselves, as things, essentially immoral; but they are vicious, when taken in connection with the election of members to the Commons House of Parliament. That assembly, confessed to be composed of the collective wisdom of the nation, has perhaps been held to include also the collective national virtue; and with this view, a Bill has been introduced, and is now before the House relating to expenses at elections, in which war to the knife is waged against every species of flag, banner, rosette, cockade, colour, or procession, which might dare to flaunt its drapery during, or immediately before or after, an election. The game is up. The flags must be furled.</i></div>
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In case you're wondering, the law was passed in 1854 and <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=oPRCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA164&lpg=PA164&dq=scotland+vote+cockade&source=bl&ots=tgahRcmoQO&sig=xp3A9CTlN1Igj9Jq8cRGSsDPlHw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PU8bVPHFMYHwgwSapYDoCw&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false">states the following:</a></div>
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<i>An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to Bribery, Treating, and undue Influence at Elections of Members of Parliament. 10th August 1854.</i></div>
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<i>Section VII: No Candidate before, during, or after any Election shall in regard to such Election, by himself or Agent, directly or indirectly, give or provide to or for any Person having a Vote at such Election, or to or for any Inhabitant of the County, City, Borough, or Place for which such Election is had, any Cockade, Ribbon or other Mark of Distinction; and every Person so giving or providing shall for every such offence forfeit the Sum of Two Pounds to such Person as shall sue for the same, together with full Costs of Suit; and all Payments within this Act.</i></div>
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Black Cockade Federalists - Horrors!</h3>
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And for a final example of election furor over cockades, I'll go to my favorite: the 1840 US presidential election. William Henry Harrison, a retired Army general and war hero, was running for president. The black cockade he wore as part of his required US Army uniform had since become synonymous with Federalist party tyranny and was hated by a much of the public. Therefore a violent debate raged in the press as to whether - get ready for this - General Harrison ever wore the black cockade after he retired! Horrors! </div>
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I don't have space for all the hysterical items in the press (you can read some of them <a href="https://creativecockades.blogspot.com/2012/10/a-presidential-election-and-black.html">in my blog here),</a> but here's just one from the 1840 Columbia (Bloosmburg, PA) Democrat: </div>
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<i>The Boston Courier, a violent Harrison paper, refers to the charge of the democratic presses against Gen. Harrison, that he wore a BLACK COCKADE curing the reign of Terror in 1800 in the following independent manner:</i></div>
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<i>“The Van Buren papers are charging Gen. Harrison with having worn a black cockade during the reign of the elder Adams and parade the testimony of a Mr. Fowler of Kentucky, in support of the Imputation. Well, suppose Gen. Harrison did. HE COULD NOT HAVE WORN A MORE HONORABLE BADGE, OR SUPPORTED A PURER ADMINISTRATION!”</i></div>
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Support Your Candidate!</h3>
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Whether you want to "support" a candidate from history or support a candidate today, I'm happy to make a cockade for you!<br />
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Search "campaign" to see some of my ready-made designs or contact me for a custom order. I'll be glad to make something for your candidate.</div>
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Whether we like rowdy politics or not, we are indeed blessed to be in a country where we can campaign and vote freely! So... go vote!</div>
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Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-51445860058185585112018-05-17T10:21:00.001-07:002018-05-18T11:05:25.338-07:00A Royal Wedding Cockade<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RMqrKnRHYrg/Wv22Oy4qj4I/AAAAAAAAHog/qxCRNQwVytMnpEsXkveHvSGWZqyV71o4gCLcBGAs/s1600/Royal%2BWedding%2BCockade.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RMqrKnRHYrg/Wv22Oy4qj4I/AAAAAAAAHog/qxCRNQwVytMnpEsXkveHvSGWZqyV71o4gCLcBGAs/s200/Royal%2BWedding%2BCockade.png" width="200" /></a></div>
On a trip to England in 2012, I brought home a lovely little cream silk cockade with the Prince of Wales feathers in the center. I had no idea what it had been used for, and thought it would be fun to do a little detective work when I got home to discover its past. When I dug into its past - what a fun discovery I made!<br />
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In my research I came across this picture showing cockades similar to mine labeled as "wedding favors" from the wedding of Princess Alexandra of Denmark to the Prince of Wales in 1863. As I dug deeper, I found that this wedding was a rather romantic story.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7gJ3gq3VitU/Wv22apyymAI/AAAAAAAAHok/DYrLMHdxtPA_d2wb0fYALToYqEPDeANIACLcBGAs/s1600/933793-wedding-favours-worn-at-wedding-of-prince-of-wales-to-princess-alexandra-of-denmark-1863.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="520" height="200" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7gJ3gq3VitU/Wv22apyymAI/AAAAAAAAHok/DYrLMHdxtPA_d2wb0fYALToYqEPDeANIACLcBGAs/s200/933793-wedding-favours-worn-at-wedding-of-prince-of-wales-to-princess-alexandra-of-denmark-1863.jpeg" width="173" /></a></div>
Both Edward and Alexandra were a mere 18 years old when they married in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. They had only met a few times, but the Prince's sister knew Alexandra and thought they would be perfect for each other.<br />
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A nervous Alexandra had gone to stay with Queen Victoria, Edward's mother a short time before the wedding. But she won Victoria's heart as she had already won the Prince's and the Queen pronounced her "a pearl."<br />
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When Alexandra arrived in England at the end of February, the English people threw a great celebration. After all, a Princess of Wales is pretty rare (there have only been 11 in history)! Eighty thousand people crowded into Gravesend and delightedly watched the nervous young Prince run up the gangway and kiss his beautiful bride-to-be.<br />
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Lord Alfred Tennyson wrote a poem in honor of the occasion. Here are the final lines:<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kZ0U2OniPaU/Wv22f9IggxI/AAAAAAAAHos/TMw_ZI-IfJsDlx6P1LgpD1FtJIzzWGb3wCLcBGAs/s1600/arrival_of_alexandra.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="590" height="195" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kZ0U2OniPaU/Wv22f9IggxI/AAAAAAAAHos/TMw_ZI-IfJsDlx6P1LgpD1FtJIzzWGb3wCLcBGAs/s320/arrival_of_alexandra.jpg" width="320" /></a><i>Bride of the heir of the kings of the sea - </i><br />
<i>O joy to the people and joy to the throne, </i><br />
<i>Come to us, love us, and make us your own: </i><br />
<i>For Saxon or Dane or Norman we, </i><br />
<i>Teuton or Celt, or whatever we be, </i><br />
<i>We are each all Dane in our welcome of thee, </i><br />
<i>Alexandra!</i><br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wGQxK2O6ECE/Wv22k6jN0PI/AAAAAAAAHow/ybgDyFF4RMYFC55_96i675LdHmIYuO0agCLcBGAs/s1600/Alexandra-of-Denmark.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="500" height="197" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wGQxK2O6ECE/Wv22k6jN0PI/AAAAAAAAHow/ybgDyFF4RMYFC55_96i675LdHmIYuO0agCLcBGAs/s200/Alexandra-of-Denmark.jpg" width="200" /></a>The music at the couple's wedding on March 10 had been composed by Prince Albert, Edward's father. Albert had died a little over a year earlier - in fact, Victoria was still in mourning and not "officially" present for the ceremony (though she watched from above the altar). Nearly everyone there became choked up and the groom was unable to do more than nod when asked if he "would have this woman to be his wife."<br />
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The bride's dress was designed by the famous Charles Frederick Worth and was covered with British-made Honiton lace. The lace had emblems of England, Ireland and Scotland in the form of roses, shamrock and thistles. The gown was the first royal wedding dress to be photographed.<br />
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In celebration of this joyous national event, ribbons and cockades were worn by everyone. Some were more elaborate than others, but all had the distinguishing mark of the Prince of Wales feathers.<br />
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These three cockades were worn in celebration of the event. Note the cockade on the far right. Does it look familiar? In fact, look at it side-by-side with my cockade.<br />
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Looks like I've found the story behind my lovely cockade! What do you think?<br />
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If you want to read more about the courtship and wedding of Edward and Alexandra, you can see articles <a href="http://www.historytoday.com/richard-mullen/last-marriage-prince-wales-1863">here</a> and <a href="http://arrayedingold.blogspot.com/2012/05/landing-of-princess-alexandra-of.html">here.</a><br />
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-18936707983234128082018-05-16T16:24:00.001-07:002019-12-30T18:53:40.977-08:00Announcing - South American Cockades!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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There are hundreds of cockades and their accompanying stories in North American history. There are thousands of them in European history. But did you know there are also cockade stories from South America?<br />
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I've added a <a href="https://creativecockades.blogspot.com/p/south-american-cockades.html">"South America"</a> page to my website and will be adding new countries as I learn the history of their cockades. Here's a few highlights to wet your appetite!<br />
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Brazil</h3>
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LsfF3Sl9gM4/Wvy8WjZr3GI/AAAAAAAAHn4/tQSznT23rVwjIgabLejUrkFBcsMV_CgWACLcBGAs/s1600/Brazil%2BCockade%2Bsf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LsfF3Sl9gM4/Wvy8WjZr3GI/AAAAAAAAHn4/tQSznT23rVwjIgabLejUrkFBcsMV_CgWACLcBGAs/s320/Brazil%2BCockade%2Bsf.jpg" width="320" /></a>As you may know, in the 1494 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a>, the Pope divided the "New World" between Spain and Portugal. (The rest of Europe disagreed, naturally, and pretty much ignored this treaty.) The line cut through the edge of South America, which meant that for the rest of history most of South America would be Spanish-speaking, while Brazil (over the line) would speak Portuguese.<br />
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Brazil’s national cockade draws from its Portuguese history. The traditional symbol and crest of the House of Braganza is a green dragon, representing Saint George, patron saint of Portugal. Pedro I, of the House of Braganza, was Brazil’s first emperor. His wife, Maria Leopoldina, brought the color gold from the House of Habsburg. Thus, green and gold became the national colors.<br />
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On September 7, 1822, Brazil declared its independence from Portugal and became Empire of Brazil. A military coup in 1889 established the First Brazilian Republic. In order to keep a feeling of stability to the new regime, the old colors and flag were kept with slight modifications, including the addition of the color blue. So modern Brazilian cockades are green, yellow and blue.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-i2EkWD7aivw/Wvy8fRlOlEI/AAAAAAAAHn8/71bhLudyVGkLAw0yIkH9al5gqyG87SQ2wCLcBGAs/s1600/Argentina%2BCockade%2Bsf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="768" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-i2EkWD7aivw/Wvy8fRlOlEI/AAAAAAAAHn8/71bhLudyVGkLAw0yIkH9al5gqyG87SQ2wCLcBGAs/s320/Argentina%2BCockade%2Bsf.jpg" width="320" /></a>Argentina</h3>
There are many stories about the origin of the Argentine cockade. It's possible it was inherited from the royal house of Bourbon, which has the same color scheme.<br />
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When the country revolted against Spanish rule in the early 1800s, a definitive cockade was required to distinguish freedom fighters from Spanish royalists who wore the red cockade. Eventually the Argentine cockade was standardized as light blue, white, light blue, and codified into law in 1812.<br />
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In 1935, May 18 was established as National Cockade Day, in honor of the ladies of Buenos Aires who first wore the cockade during the 1810 May Revolution.<br />
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Chile</h3>
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During Chile's period of colonization by Spain in the 1600-1700s, the red Spanish cockade was the national emblem. In 1808, Napoleon installed his brother as the king of Spain, which eventually brought about a freedom movement in Chile. The nation was proclaimed an autonomous republic under Spain's protection in 1810. In 1812, a new tricolor cockade was created of white, blue and yellow. As a struggle for power continued for the next five years, the cockade went back and forth from the Spanish red to the Chilean tricolor.<br />
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Intermittent warfare continued until 1817 when Bernardo O'Higgins and José de San Martín, hero of the Argentine War of Independence, led an army that crossed the Andes into Chile and defeated the royalists once and for all. On February 12, 1818, Chile was proclaimed an independent republic.<br />
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At this point a new tricolor cockade was created of red, white and blue. In the early 20th century, a star was added in the blue center of the cockade to match the national flag.<br />
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Peru</h3>
July 28 is Peru's Independence Day in commemoration of José de San Martín's Declaration of Independence in 1821. The first flag of the Republic of Peru was officially created by General José de San Martín,on October 21, 1820. It's main colors were red and white.<br />
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Opinions vary on the symbolism of the colors. Some say San Martín took the red from the flag of Chile and the white from the flag of Argentina, recognizing the heritage of the men of the liberation army. Others believe San Martín reached into Peru's European heritage, bringing red and white from Castile and Burgundy, and red from Spain. Red was also in the royal symbol of the Inca kings.<br />
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Simón Bolivar's administration officially decreed a version of the flag from which the modern design is taken, and also established the national red and white cockade on February 25, 1825.<br />
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Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-65347816048133944512018-02-12T09:36:00.000-08:002018-03-27T13:21:30.930-07:00Useful and Appropriate: Cockades and Bazaars<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RAEch2k4p2g/WoHP3K_bakI/AAAAAAAAHVM/aOyNc5otXpAbzCTRCzciW3x0mOq3Nxx2ACLcBGAs/s1600/Cockades%2B%2526%2BBazaars.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="686" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RAEch2k4p2g/WoHP3K_bakI/AAAAAAAAHVM/aOyNc5otXpAbzCTRCzciW3x0mOq3Nxx2ACLcBGAs/s320/Cockades%2B%2526%2BBazaars.png" width="304" /></a></div>
Have you ever donated money to a fund that helps our soldiers and received a "Support Our Troops" ribbon to wear? Or maybe you've participated in a raffle for a donated item, knowing the raffle money was going veterans.<br />
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The idea of buying donated items at bazaars to support the troops is not new. Hundreds of these fairs were held across America during the Civil War. The simplest affairs were basic booths of items to buy. But many bazaars combined these booths with entertainment and education as well. They became great social events where participants might go to socialized, have their fortune told, hear concerts, skate on a summertime ice rink (how up-to-date and exciting!), and more.<br />
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And yes, they could buy a cockade as well!<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uPQU5dhkqso/WoHMqbrQTYI/AAAAAAAAHUk/vyDY-6tsbqI-T1Gog-3vbEff3zvTxpztQCLcBGAs/s1600/MS%2BValley%2BSanitary%2BFair%252C%2B1864%2BSt%2BLouis%2BMercantile%2BLibrary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="277" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uPQU5dhkqso/WoHMqbrQTYI/AAAAAAAAHUk/vyDY-6tsbqI-T1Gog-3vbEff3zvTxpztQCLcBGAs/s1600/MS%2BValley%2BSanitary%2BFair%252C%2B1864%2BSt%2BLouis%2BMercantile%2BLibrary.jpg" /></a></div>
This photo is a booth from one of the largest of these bazaars, the Mississippi Valley Sanitary Fair in 1864.<br />
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<a href="http://www.civilwarmo.org/exhibits/means-war/mississippi-valley-sanitary-fair" target="_blank">This fascinating website</a> gives you an interactive page to see photos and read newspaper accounts of the various displays in the fair. There were vendors for everything from books to candy to furniture to art, florals, and jewelry.<br />
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The fair lasted two weeks and proceeds - over $550,000! - benefited wounded soldiers and people displaced by the war.<br />
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<h3>
Useful and Appropriate</h3>
There is a <a href="http://www.online-literature.com/alcott/littlewomen/29/" target="_blank">fun section in <i>Little Women</i></a> that tells a fictitious story of one of these fairs. May, one of the girls in the <i>Little Women</i> family, has some gentleman friends who want to support her booth by buying her items. This humorous paragraph pictures the fellows' predicament as they blew their money on feminine frills - and then had no idea what to do with them!<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NAZTwyHOm1I/WoHNGRlc1UI/AAAAAAAAHUs/6HW0a9j0IdElZmqbpBxxlCfsJrhGPcPdACLcBGAs/s1600/The%2BEmpty%2BPurse%252C%2BJames%2BCollinson%252C%2Bca.%2B1857.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="909" data-original-width="736" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NAZTwyHOm1I/WoHNGRlc1UI/AAAAAAAAHUs/6HW0a9j0IdElZmqbpBxxlCfsJrhGPcPdACLcBGAs/s320/The%2BEmpty%2BPurse%252C%2BJames%2BCollinson%252C%2Bca.%2B1857.jpg" width="259" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">"The Empty Purse" by James Collinson</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i>"To May's great delight, Mr. Laurence not only bought the vases, but pervaded the hall with one under each arm. The other gentlemen speculated with equal rashness in all sorts of frail trifles, and wandered helplessly about afterward, burdened with wax flowers, painted fans, filigree portfolios, and other useful and appropriate purchases."</i><br />
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This painting called "The Empty Purse" or "At the Bazaar" is set a little earlier in the 1850s, but it shows us some of the many items that would have been available. A doll, some pictures, a floral arrangement, embroidered slippers waiting to be "made up," suspenders and a hat are just a few of the "novelties" the poor lady can't purchase because she apparently spent all her money!<br />
<h3>
<br />...And Cockades!</h3>
You may be wondering what all this has to do with cockades. Well, the answer is that two of my favorite original cockades were items that were sold at just such a bazaar!<br />
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<br />
The <a href="https://www.crr.sc.gov/" target="_blank">Relic Room in Columbia, SC</a> has a number of items related to the Grand Bazaar held at the State House in 1865. Here's a fascinating <a href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/fpn/leconteemma/leconte.html" target="_blank">young lady's diary entry</a> about it:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-stlz00lZNmE/WoHOTwTyZNI/AAAAAAAAHVA/paWUVg_UZ2AjM9qChV-6HjzEv-WQ5PDQgCEwYBhgL/s1600/Red%2BPalmetto%2BSC%2BButton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1393" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-stlz00lZNmE/WoHOTwTyZNI/AAAAAAAAHVA/paWUVg_UZ2AjM9qChV-6HjzEv-WQ5PDQgCEwYBhgL/s320/Red%2BPalmetto%2BSC%2BButton.jpg" width="278" /></a><i>"Jan. 18th. - Well, our great bazaar opened last night, and such a jam! I was at the State house helping to arrange the tables until four o'clock so I was thoroughly tired. There are seven booths in the House (of Representatives) South Carolina, at the Speaker's desk, is the largest, and on either side are Texas, Tennessee, Virginia, Mississippi, Louisiana and Missouri. In the Senate are North Carolina, at the Desk, Arkansas, Georgia, Alabama and Florida. The tables or booths are tastefully draped with damask and lace curtains, and elaborately decorated with evergreens. To go in there one would scarce believe it was war times. The tables are loaded with fancy articles - brought through the blockade, or manufactured by the ladies. Everything to eat can be had if one can pay the price - cakes, jellies, creams, candies - every kind of sweets abound. A small slice of cake is two dollars - a spoonful of Charlotte Russe five dollars, and other things in proportion. Some beautiful imported wax dolls, not more than twelve inches high, raffled for five hundred dollars, and one very large doll I heard was to raffle for two thousand. "Why" as Uncle John says, "one could buy a live negro baby for that." How can people afford to buy toys at such a time as this! However I suppose speculators can. A small sized cake at the Tennessee table sold for seventy-five dollars."</i><br />
<br />
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S_lj46ali4U/WoHOTu00HgI/AAAAAAAAHU8/Oj8QAY_GZu4McnlxQc28lKTEp4XROJPcQCLcBGAs/s1600/Florida%2BCockade%2BPNG.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="897" data-original-width="1311" height="218" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-S_lj46ali4U/WoHOTu00HgI/AAAAAAAAHU8/Oj8QAY_GZu4McnlxQc28lKTEp4XROJPcQCLcBGAs/s320/Florida%2BCockade%2BPNG.png" width="320" /></a>Sherman was on the march at that point, and the diary notes that rumor said he intended to attend the Grand Bazaar himself! (No word on whether he offered to buy anything.)<br />
<br />
In the absence of the modern government assistance we are used to, the ladies of the 1860s stepped up to provide wartime relief themselves. These fairs and bazaars were amazing monuments to the organizational powers of women - as well as to their ability to create "useful and appropriate" items for sale!<br />
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<a href="https://creativecockades.ecwid.com/" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="126" data-original-width="448" height="90" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-muF7lPxpjdc/WoHQFVbPKoI/AAAAAAAAHVQ/hDmmoOqVRV0GgobRvtXVl5zhihYZe45fgCLcBGAs/s320/Shop%2BNow%2BButton.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-57593595724479162092017-12-05T15:09:00.000-08:002018-03-28T16:05:15.766-07:00From Insurance to Empire: Cockades of Fraternal Orders<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wfh8tDi5lkg/WiclkHt5LHI/AAAAAAAAGx0/vOHnVJPk6tgeBGAnayGcZw5-2zcoUam2wCLcBGAs/s1600/Cockades%2Bof%2BFraternal%2BOrders.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="678" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wfh8tDi5lkg/WiclkHt5LHI/AAAAAAAAGx0/vOHnVJPk6tgeBGAnayGcZw5-2zcoUam2wCLcBGAs/s320/Cockades%2Bof%2BFraternal%2BOrders.png" width="301" /></a></div>
From providing life insurance for firemen to plotting a North-South American empire, fraternal organizations had a huge impact on the Victorian era.<br />
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Fraternal orders were popular from the 1700s through the early 1900s. Freemasons are probably one of the most well-known and oldest fraternal organizations (a number of American founders were Freemasons). But there were hundreds of other orders founded as well. Some were merely for socializing and financial support of the members' families. Others had deep-laid and secret plans for empire-building.<br />
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All of them had unique rites - and cockades!<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1bNio0kJVpQ/WickDtlVCgI/AAAAAAAAGxo/b36QkZd4Hy0sfhf7aSecigG1mvBpQQs_gCLcBGAs/s1600/Masonic%2BCockade%2B1a.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><i><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="658" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-1bNio0kJVpQ/WickDtlVCgI/AAAAAAAAGxo/b36QkZd4Hy0sfhf7aSecigG1mvBpQQs_gCLcBGAs/s320/Masonic%2BCockade%2B1a.png" width="292" /></i></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Masonic Hat Cockade</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
Empire Building</h2>
The Freemasons claim to be the oldest order in America, starting in Europe previous to the Revolution. Contrary to popular books and movies, the Freemason society had little to do with the Revolution itself, as rebellion against the state is against the society's principles. However, Freemasonry had a great deal to do with the establishment of the new United States, as the order's ideals of freedom and equality became founding national principles.<br />
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As the young nation grew, more fraternal societies formed - and political factions formed as well. In the Nullification Crisis of the 1830s, a couple of orders in particular were created that were destined to have major impact on America's future: the Southern Rights Club and the Order of the Lone Star. One was destined to birth the secession movement, and the other won Texas from Mexico. Both of them were precursors to the <a href="http://knightsofthegoldencircle.webs.com/" target="_blank">Knights of the Golden Circle,</a> an organization with mighty aims.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I0Yxg2dm-zU/WickQ8tI4tI/AAAAAAAAGxs/cn_oSgW1q3U3EjZvofiL7IeRhLt7DZL8gCLcBGAs/s1600/mason.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><i><img border="0" data-original-height="701" data-original-width="888" height="252" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I0Yxg2dm-zU/WickQ8tI4tI/AAAAAAAAGxs/cn_oSgW1q3U3EjZvofiL7IeRhLt7DZL8gCLcBGAs/s320/mason.jpg" width="320" /></i></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>A Texas member of the Knights of the Golden Circle, with cockade. <br /><a href="http://digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/jtx/id/531/rec/1">DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University.</a></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
The KGC and Secession</h2>
Before the Civil War even started, the KGC had its first Confederate victory - in Texas. Trained KGC troops under the command of Col. Ben McCulloch, forced the surrender of the federal arsenal at San Antonio in February 1861.<br />
<br />
The Knights, comprised of local chapters called "castles," had originally formed in order to create a southern empire including Cuba, Central America, Mexico and the Southern United States. At the outbreak of the Civil War, they abandoned this aim and instead joined forces with the Confederate army. Their influence for secession was undoubtedly major.<br />
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A fascinating (and Union-biased) <a href="https://archive.org/stream/authenticexposit00memb#page/28/mode/2up" target="_blank">"Exposition of the KGC"</a> published in 1861 reports the following: <i>"All the principle castles now put on their holiday garments, and men were heard in the streets to thank God that the 'hour for Southern deliverance had come.'...No sooner had the news of the election of Lincoln been received, than every Knight in Charleston mounted a cockade on his hat and ran through the streets shouting, 'GLORY! we are free! we are independent!'"</i><br />
<br />
In addition to the Southern "castles," the Knights were the primary force behind many Copperhead movements throughout the North and West. In fact, Southerners planned on the aid of these Knights to quickly win the war. The "Exposition" observed:<br />
<br />
<i>"At no time previous to the bombardment of Fort Sumter was it presumed that the number of men to be counted on from the North would fall below 100,000 and with these, and the assistance of Northern capitalists, Northern engineers, manufacturers, etc., together with the heavy drafts to be made on the U. S. Treasury and the U. S. Arsenals, it was confidently apprehended as nothing more than a breakfast spell to 'clean out the Abolitionists,' capture the Capital at Washington, and kick Uncle Sam into nonenity."</i><br />
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The KGC aims died with the Southern cause, but the KGC organization lasted until the death of its members in the early 1900s. Besides many Confederate generals and officials, famous members of the KGC included John Wilkes Booth and Jesse James.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OF6F9Mn-x7M/WickgMTOqxI/AAAAAAAAGxw/lkJuwNskBpAfENmiV_1ceh_yN7C9IQrXwCLcBGAs/s1600/UCV%2B%2526%2BGAR.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-OF6F9Mn-x7M/WickgMTOqxI/AAAAAAAAGxw/lkJuwNskBpAfENmiV_1ceh_yN7C9IQrXwCLcBGAs/s320/UCV%2B%2526%2BGAR.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<h2>
Insurance and Social Clubs</h2>
Fraternal organizations with benign aims existed as well. After the war, a "Golden Age of Fraternalism" occurred, continuing into the early 1900s. Some sources believe that at least 50% of the male population belonged to at least one fraternal organization during this time. The goals of the orders were as varied as the orders themselves: insurance, politics, social functions, and heritage. In general, an order's aim was to provide aid and socialization for its members.<br />
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The Grand Army of the Republic was formed for Union veterans to continue their wartime camaraderie. The United Confederate Veterans served the same purpose.<br />
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The Knights of Pythias was formed for insurance and aid purposes. The Order of the Elks (now the Elks Lodge) was originally created as a social club in New York. The Woodmen of the World was an insurance and aid organization, and continues as an insurance company to this day. In addition to these well-known orders, thousands of small and local fraternities were created for socialization and aid for firemen, coal miners, factory workers, and more.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qtasUutomhQ/WickA685aCI/AAAAAAAAGxk/4jn5moPgUWws5tGpQIXZEGF4y3pAvg6nwCEwYBhgL/s1600/Knights%2Bof%2BColumbus%2Bhat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-qtasUutomhQ/WickA685aCI/AAAAAAAAGxk/4jn5moPgUWws5tGpQIXZEGF4y3pAvg6nwCEwYBhgL/s320/Knights%2Bof%2BColumbus%2Bhat.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Knights of Columbus hat with cockade</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<br />The Orders Today</h2>
The Great Depression hit the fraternities hard, many people not being able to afford extras like membership fees and insurance. Then government welfare and commercial insurance companies took the place of many fraternities devoted to aid. Some dissolved and others simply turned into insurance companies themselves.<br />
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However, military and patriotic fraternities gained members during the World Wars and many continue to this day. Orders for charity and aid still exist as well, such as the <a href="http://www.kofc.org/en/" target="_blank">Knights of Columbus</a> or the <a href="http://www.fop.net/" target="_blank">Fraternal Order of Police.</a><br />
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The legacy of the Victorian orders continues through modern times in insurance companies, unions, college fraternities, and heritage organizations. And if you look at their badges and cockades, many of them still retain the original symbolism of the fraternal orders!<br />
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Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-28511637980465656192017-10-24T11:53:00.000-07:002018-03-27T13:21:51.809-07:00Temperance Cockades 1840-1860<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kuz4SoyJsv8/We-J5d8rI0I/AAAAAAAAGt4/hk7hBt-Bj3Q55VYxMfY4Yd32m7Q0xvF0wCLcBGAs/s1600/temperance%2Bcockades%2B1840-1860.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="717" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kuz4SoyJsv8/We-J5d8rI0I/AAAAAAAAGt4/hk7hBt-Bj3Q55VYxMfY4Yd32m7Q0xvF0wCLcBGAs/s320/temperance%2Bcockades%2B1840-1860.png" width="319" /></a></div>
Prior to the 19th century, drunkards were often considered hopeless addicts. And heavy alcohol consumption was considered standard behavior by many. That began to change in the early 1800s.<br />
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America was a new nation still fighting for legitimacy in the first decade of the 1800s. But once peace was established with European nations, Americans could turn their thoughts homeward and consider improving themselves.<br />
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Many of America's reform movements began in the 19th century. Temperance was no exception. Reformers and preachers began to weigh in against the sin of drunkenness and for the first time, people began to seriously consider helping alcholics beat their addiction.<br />
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Enter the Temperance Movement.<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lHULP85OKnM/We-KBPD1zaI/AAAAAAAAGt8/HN-KoF_PQrM3mVt_ilI3dSH3rYIFIZFIACLcBGAs/s1600/ca%2B1850%2BCurrier.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="573" data-original-width="393" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lHULP85OKnM/We-KBPD1zaI/AAAAAAAAGt8/HN-KoF_PQrM3mVt_ilI3dSH3rYIFIZFIACLcBGAs/s320/ca%2B1850%2BCurrier.jpg" width="219" /></a></div>
<h2>
Temperance Fraternities</h2>
One of the earliest Temperance societies was the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washingtonian_movement">Washingtonian Society,</a> formed by six alcoholics who decided to meet together for mutual encouragement to avoid strong drink. Their format of regular meetings to share stories and encouragement actually foreshadowed the modern Alcoholics Anonymous program.<br />
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The Washingtonians grew and their impact was huge, becoming one of the largest movements in America. Men would lecture around the country telling their own stories about what life is like when abusing alcohol, challenging their audiences to take the abstinence pledge. By 1841 Washingtonians claimed over 200,000 members, and by 1842 they had over one million. (US total population in 1842 was only 17 million)<br />
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Their success encouraged other Temperance societies such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Temperance">Sons of Temperance</a> (and the spin-off Daughters of Temperance). These societies required their members to sign a pledge of abstinence and they worked hard to make more converts. The clubs were also fraternal in nature, meaning that they often provided health insurance and burial costs for members, as well as care for widows (assuming the member had "stayed clean!"). Newly joined addicts who had taken the pledge to abstain were often helped to find jobs and housing. Temperance fraternities were a safety net as well as a reform movement.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OKC8-KQhN2s/We-KK43XM4I/AAAAAAAAGuA/btwq5Ys0JQ0zkSwM9ntKYI5Hl69Bsk1UQCLcBGAs/s1600/Scottish%2BRite%2BMasonic%2BMuseum%2B%2526%2BLibrary.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="291" data-original-width="226" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-OKC8-KQhN2s/We-KK43XM4I/AAAAAAAAGuA/btwq5Ys0JQ0zkSwM9ntKYI5Hl69Bsk1UQCLcBGAs/s1600/Scottish%2BRite%2BMasonic%2BMuseum%2B%2526%2BLibrary.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Son of Temperance, holding the society's <br />pledge and wearing the regalia with cockade.<br /><a href="http://nationalheritagemuseum.typepad.com/library_and_archives/2009/03/portrait-of-a-teetotaler.html">Scottish Rite Masonic Museum & Library</a></i></td></tr>
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<h2>
Spreading the Movement</h2>
The cause of Temperance quickly grew and became popular throughout the country, North to South and East to West. Even in California, Temperance groups existed in the 1840s.<br />
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Though the modern stereotype of white Southerners often makes them out to be alcohol abusers, a case can be made that the movement was even stronger in the South than the North. For instance, slave states members made up 44% of the Sons of Temperance in 1850 - but note that the Sons did not admit African Americans, and the South only represented 32% of the nation's total white population.<br />
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As the movement grew, Temperance societies began to link their abstinence idealogy to religion. Unlike the Washingtonians who purposely had no religious dogma, later societies often tied a person's spirituality to their commitment to Temperance. Further, radicals in the Temperance movement began to call for Prohibition, a complete outlawing of liquor in the country.<br />
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Not only was the "gospel" of Temperance preached, it was also written. T.S. Arthur **(editor and publisher of <a href="http://cwdress.blogspot.com/p/fashion-magazines.html">Arther's Home Magazine</a>) wrote a widely read book called<a href="https://archive.org/details/10nightsinabarroom00arthrich"> Ten Nights in a Barroom and What I Saw There.</a> Other authors followed suit with books, pamphlets and cartoons illustrating the evils of alcoholism.<br />
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So what happened?<br />
<br />
The Temperance movement's first wave withered with the advent of the Civil War. The issue of slavery became more important to reformers and Temperance was given a back seat, not to be revived until the 1870s. It would be this second wave that eventually realized the goal of complete Prohibition.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MXksfwsPGuw/We-KPkpl89I/AAAAAAAAGuE/3EYjHT7Rkac7YGeNPczaONKXaKCeQ-SYwCLcBGAs/s1600/Cockade%2BCouple.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="790" height="290" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MXksfwsPGuw/We-KPkpl89I/AAAAAAAAGuE/3EYjHT7Rkac7YGeNPczaONKXaKCeQ-SYwCLcBGAs/s320/Cockade%2BCouple.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h2>
Temperance Cockades</h2>
Naturally what got me interested in this fascinating episode of history was the cockades! One of my customers suggested I research the topic of Temperance rosettes. I had no idea that my research would end up answering a question I long held about one of my own photographs! I had been puzzled by this beautiful photo of a couple in regalia. After comparing the many descriptions of Temperance cockades and collars, I've come to realize that they are most likely wearing Sons and Daughters of Temperance regalia. Mystery solved!<br />
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Many of the Temperance societies had their own regalia and almost all pre-1860 societies included cockades of some sort. Here are some examples from various society rule books.<br />
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<i>"The members of this Association shall furnish, at their own expense, a small white silk rosette, with a blue centre, of a fixed and uniform size..."</i><br />
<a href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=yale.39002061263894;view=1up;seq=28">United Brothers of Temperance, 1847</a><br />
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<i>"The regalia for a member of the National Division shall be a blue velvet collar, with a rosette of red, blue and white; gold button in the centre of rosette; two gold tassels suspended from rosette..."</i><br />
<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w2FHAQAAMAAJ&dq=">Journal of the Proceedings of the National Division of the Sons of Temperance, 1844</a><br />
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<i>"The Independent Order of Rechabites appeared in full regalia, preceded by an excellent band of musicians. Their regalia was a white satin collar, with a rosette of white, blue and scarlet ribbon, where it united in front."</i><br />
<a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j4FPAAAAYAAJ&dq=">Journal of the American Temperance Union 1840s</a><br />
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You'll notice a common color scheme - red, white and blue cockades. A quick look at Temperance posters from the era show many of the cockades had tassels. Though they were generally worn on a special collar, at least one poster shows a lady simply wearing the cockade on her breast.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DwZA0OSkjUw/We-K5YxJi9I/AAAAAAAAGuQ/6XvEaOEHR_kWp2RDp3BV0l1VifzM9j3iQCLcBGAs/s1600/Temperance%2BPosters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="624" data-original-width="1280" height="312" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DwZA0OSkjUw/We-K5YxJi9I/AAAAAAAAGuQ/6XvEaOEHR_kWp2RDp3BV0l1VifzM9j3iQCLcBGAs/s640/Temperance%2BPosters.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<h2>
Need A Temperance Cockade?</h2>
Naturally I couldn't fail to offer my customers cockades for such a worthy cause!<br />
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If you need a Temperance cockade, or a cockade for any other worthy cause, purchase below or contact me directly for a custom order!<br />
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-58187381371150952612017-10-10T12:09:00.002-07:002023-01-11T08:41:29.778-08:00Cockades in the American RevolutionThe American army was founded on June 14, 1775 by order of the Continental Congress. A few weeks later, George Washington was named the first Commander in Chief of the Army. His job not only included fighting the British nation from which we were seceding. He also had to take a motley assortment of state militias, privately raised regiments, and volunteers from around the colonies and meld them into one unified fighting machine.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-T-QHeSTWmiU/Wd0Yg1v0O9I/AAAAAAAAGmk/fcLR5U-StLcyANZGYk89kxQ6pTVpJmX5gCLcBGAs/s1600/Battle%2Bof%2BPrinceton%2B-%2BTroiani.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1034" data-original-width="1225" height="270" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-T-QHeSTWmiU/Wd0Yg1v0O9I/AAAAAAAAGmk/fcLR5U-StLcyANZGYk89kxQ6pTVpJmX5gCLcBGAs/s320/Battle%2Bof%2BPrinceton%2B-%2BTroiani.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Washington at the Battle of Princeton, by Don Troiani.<br />Note Washington's staff have colored cockades showing their rank</i></td></tr>
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<h3>
Colors for Rank</h3>
One of Washington's first orders in the summer of 1775 after taking command, was that cockades would be worn by officers to show rank. He designated that “the field officers may have red or pink colored cockades in their hats, the captains yellow or buff, and the subalterns green.” This easy and cheap method of identifying officers (instead of buying new uniforms for everyone) saved the Colonies' lean budgets.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bgXZbnGC2l0/Wd0YwMEErmI/AAAAAAAAGmo/S-QsV0N2kCkKcZV37z2DgmDdjD6XfrHvgCLcBGAs/s1600/King%2BGeorge%2BIII.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="643" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-bgXZbnGC2l0/Wd0YwMEErmI/AAAAAAAAGmo/S-QsV0N2kCkKcZV37z2DgmDdjD6XfrHvgCLcBGAs/s320/King%2BGeorge%2BIII.jpg" width="286" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>King George III, by Sir William Beechey.<br />Note the black cockade on his hat</i></td></tr>
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<h3>
Black Cockades</h3>
America became an independent nation when we seceded from Great Britain on July 4, 1776. Before that, we were a colony of Great Britain. The cockade of King George of the House of Hanover was black. Thus the national British cockade was also black.<br />
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Even though America was at war with Great Britain, they still felt an affinity for their mother nation. After all, many of them were born there and still had relatives there. In fact, when George Washington's army was camped at Valley Forge during the winter of 1777-1778, the officers were still officially toasting King George. It was natural that an American military cockade would be the Hanoverian color black. So, after the brief period of using colored cockades for rank, the army reverted to wearing black.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eu0w9VyjCCk/Wd0Y5p4vL4I/AAAAAAAAGms/wfWqypVJyDcKxetIQZ-NhCKaTecIa4fYgCLcBGAs/s1600/George%2BWashington.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="541" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eu0w9VyjCCk/Wd0Y5p4vL4I/AAAAAAAAGms/wfWqypVJyDcKxetIQZ-NhCKaTecIa4fYgCLcBGAs/s320/George%2BWashington.jpg" width="241" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>George Washington, by John Trumbull.<br />Note the black and white cockade on his hat</i></td></tr>
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<h3>
Black and White Cockades</h3>
America needed allies in the war with Great Britain, then the reigning power of the seas. The United States signed the Treaty of Alliance with France on February 6, 1778 and French troops entered the American War for Independence. At first their participation was mostly on the seas, but by 1779 they were landing troops on American soil.<br />
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The national cockade of France was white. In 1780, as a symbol of the two nations’ alliance, General George Washington established that the American military cockade would be an Alliance Cockade – black with a white center. French troops likewise wore an Alliance Cockade of white with a black center.<br />
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This painting by John Trumbull shows the French troops (left) and the American troops (right) at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis - all wearing the Alliance Cockades.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-l-FJ-u8ldW8/Wd0ZEaOJOOI/AAAAAAAAGmw/_h0fSn8mOjofqfL60UeRLXf0zgc5xS99wCLcBGAs/s1600/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="1280" height="420" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-l-FJ-u8ldW8/Wd0ZEaOJOOI/AAAAAAAAGmw/_h0fSn8mOjofqfL60UeRLXf0zgc5xS99wCLcBGAs/s640/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, by John Trumbull</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d8M9szZOkGo/Wd0ZOOqxKLI/AAAAAAAAGm0/2cUe9aLzpUAQDqNELQbNQ5zz0Tl1pEO6gCLcBGAs/s1600/Virginia%2BSecession%2BCockade.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1002" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-d8M9szZOkGo/Wd0ZOOqxKLI/AAAAAAAAGm0/2cUe9aLzpUAQDqNELQbNQ5zz0Tl1pEO6gCLcBGAs/s320/Virginia%2BSecession%2BCockade.png" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>A black and white Southern cockade from the Civil War. <br />American Civil War Museum.</i></td></tr>
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<h3>
Symbol of Attachment</h3>
The black and white cockade became an emblem of the American War for Independence for many years after the war ended. Even during the Civil War eighty years later, the occasional black and white cockade was worn as a reminder of America's first War for Independence.<br />
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A Philadelphia newspaper said on July 4, 1798, “It has been repeatedly recommended, that our citizens wear in their hats on the day of Independence, the American Cockade, (which is a Rose, composed of black ribbon, with a white button, or fastening) and that the Ladies should add to the attraction of their dress...this symbol of their attachment to the government.”<br />
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-62233587640639225572017-09-21T17:53:00.000-07:002018-03-27T13:25:50.407-07:00Votes For Women: Suffragette Badges<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e19ZPr1LzvA/WcReJHIm-2I/AAAAAAAAGjE/_gE37_nT-QUCp1lxjW9UZ2WtvueRIBeoQCLcBGAs/s1600/Suffragette%2BBadges.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="743" height="309" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-e19ZPr1LzvA/WcReJHIm-2I/AAAAAAAAGjE/_gE37_nT-QUCp1lxjW9UZ2WtvueRIBeoQCLcBGAs/s320/Suffragette%2BBadges.png" width="320" /></a></div>
On August 18, 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment became part of the U.S. Constitution. It declares: <i>"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex."</i><br />
<h3>
<br />Controversy and Division </h3>
The movement that would create this amendment had its roots 80 years earlier. In the 1840s, the American women's rights movement began and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seneca_Falls_Convention">first women's rights convention</a> was held in Seneca Falls in 1848. The most controversial resolution of the convention was that supporting women's suffrage. In the end, only 1/3 of the attendees signed the resolution supporting women's suffrage, in spite of the fact that people such as Frederick Douglas argued in favor of it. But as time went on, the issue became a solid plank of the women's rights movement. Two national women's suffrage organizations were eventually established in 1869. One was led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the other by Lucy Stone. There was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony#Split_in_the_women.27s_movement">violent rivalry</a> between the groups for decades.<br />
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<h3>
Unity and Militancy</h3>
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Eventually in 1890 the two groups joined forces under the leadership of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony">Susan B. Anthony.</a></div>
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For many years, the women's suffrage movement worked through the political and court systems. But progress was slow. In 1916 the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Woman%27s_Party">National Woman's Party</a> was formed, a militant group that engaged in picketing, chaining themselves to the White House fence, and hunger strikes to gain attention for their cause. These methods proved effective, and the Nineteenth Amendment was passed just four years later, in 1920.</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IsAd_OhvNcM/WcReQUrx5aI/AAAAAAAAGjI/Cmxv6oHOoNoXVLZlDMRwHQpHBzlPFwMogCLcBGAs/s1600/04-02_02l_2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="173" data-original-width="211" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IsAd_OhvNcM/WcReQUrx5aI/AAAAAAAAGjI/Cmxv6oHOoNoXVLZlDMRwHQpHBzlPFwMogCLcBGAs/s1600/04-02_02l_2.jpeg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">American Women's Suffragette Badges. NWHM.</td></tr>
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Suffragette Badges</h3>
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The British militant group, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women%27s_Social_and_Political_Union">Women's Social and Political Union</a>, formed in 1908. One of the actions of the WSPU was to have a permanent affect on women's jewelry and accessories: They purposely chose a noticeable, attractive color scheme for the women's suffrage cause.</div>
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A brilliant tricolor theme was chosen for the WSPU activities. Mrs. Pethick-Lawrence, co-editor of the weekly newspaper <a href="http://spartacus-educational.com/WvotesM.htm">Votes for Women,</a> wrote in 1908:</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rosette belt. Museum of London.</td></tr>
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<i>Purple as everyone knows is the royal colour. It stands for the royal blood that flows in the veins of every suffragette, the instinct of freedom and dignity…white stands for purity in private and public life…green is the colour of hope and the emblem of spring.</i></div>
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<i>The colours enable us to make that appeal to the eye which is so irresistible. The result of our processions is that this movement becomes identified in the mind of the onlooker with colour, gay sound, movement, and beauty.</i></div>
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American and British suffragette badges shared the penchant for purple, but where British ladies paired it with green, American ladies added brilliant yellow. Both color schemes fulfilled their purpose: they were noticeable!</div>
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<h3>
<br />Suffragette Cockades</h3>
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Many suffragette badges were simply metal lapel pins, but some were beautiful ribbon badges. I offer both American and British suffragette badges in my shop.</div>
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-71195522942110616072017-08-30T18:07:00.000-07:002018-03-27T13:27:27.443-07:00Back to School With Copperheads<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tX9BRL52gVU/WZN6_ilUUTI/AAAAAAAAGeI/7-n1Itr1XAAQdazyX4BlL-nvjH_5CoH3wCLcBGAs/s1600/Back%2Bto%2BSchool%2Bwith%2BCopperheads.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="717" data-original-width="691" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tX9BRL52gVU/WZN6_ilUUTI/AAAAAAAAGeI/7-n1Itr1XAAQdazyX4BlL-nvjH_5CoH3wCLcBGAs/s320/Back%2Bto%2BSchool%2Bwith%2BCopperheads.png" width="308" /></a></div>
<i>A few months ago Mr. Balcum, principle of the Middletown (Conn.) high school, expelled from the school a son of Samuel Babcock – a Democrat of the Copperhead stripe – for insisting on wearing a Copperhead badge, by order of his father, against the rule of the school. The father brought a suit against the teacher, and a justice imposed a fine on him, but the case was carried up, and the Supreme Court has reversed the decision. (Highland Weekly News, January 28, 1864)</i><br />
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<b>There is, apparently, nothing new under the sun.</b><br />
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<b>Especially in school.</b><br />
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Just as there are arguments today about <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/06/california-school-bars-third-grade-trump-fan-from-wearing-make-america-great-again-hat/?tid=a_inl">whether students can wear patriotic or campaign items in school,</a> the debate also raged during the Civil War.<br />
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Over 150 years ago, the 1864 election campaign was raging in the North. Children of Peace Democrats, or "Copperheads" wanted to wear their Lady Liberty and butternut badges to school.<br />
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Likewise, their War Democrat or Republican classmates insisted on wearing Union cockades. The resulting fracuses led to lawsuits, suspensions... and a great deal of fuming in the newspapers.<br />
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Consider some of these entertaining anecdotes I discovered concerning Copperheads in the schools.<br />
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<h3>
<b><u>The Definition of "Partisan Badge"</u></b></h3>
<i>A few days since some difficulty arose among the pupils in the High School, caused by the wearing of a Copperhead badge by one of the scholars, who boasted that his father was in the Rebel army.</i><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2y6YAPROCRs/WZN7fVrQS7I/AAAAAAAAGeQ/GO1D-s4xTK8hrHZJ3SCaoRaB2TxIUDYtwCLcBGAs/s1600/Children%2BFighting%2B1867.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="800" height="219" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-2y6YAPROCRs/WZN7fVrQS7I/AAAAAAAAGeQ/GO1D-s4xTK8hrHZJ3SCaoRaB2TxIUDYtwCLcBGAs/s320/Children%2BFighting%2B1867.jpg" width="320" /></a><i>To offset his obnoxious exhibition the loyal children procured Union rosettes, pins, small flags, etc., with which to testify their regard for the Government.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>The excitement spread into the common schools and presently the school board took the matter in hand. This body has a majority of Democrats. It met and decided that partisan badges should not be worn by the scholars, and then decided that all the Union badges were "partisan."</i><br />
<br />
<i>The Dayton Empire becomes the defender of this decision and goes so far as to say that the flags, etc., are "Abolition emblems." Think of that! A Democratic paper, the especial organ of the man whom the Democrats propose to nominate for Governor of Ohio, denouncing the Stars and Stripes, or rosettes of Red, White and Blue, as "Abolition Emblems' which are not to be tolerated! When such a standard of Abolition is set up, thank God, we are classed among the "Abolitionists." (Cleveland Morning Leader, April 23, 1863)</i><br />
<br />
<h3>
<u>The System Stinks</u></h3>
One Democratic newspaper, after a scuffle in which some Copperhead children were expelled, sneered at the school system in general.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gGHJ2Jqst4g/WZN75rcyNLI/AAAAAAAAGeU/vyYU42ZL7IQjces5obTdLAx0ttyEK0FMQCLcBGAs/s1600/frontier%2Bschool.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="333" height="241" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gGHJ2Jqst4g/WZN75rcyNLI/AAAAAAAAGeU/vyYU42ZL7IQjces5obTdLAx0ttyEK0FMQCLcBGAs/s320/frontier%2Bschool.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<i>It has been seen that the Dayton Empire has advocated the right of the pupils to wear Copperhead badges if they choose. The Cincinnati Enquirer takes the same ground, and goes enough further to say:</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>"Looking upon the State machinery for what is called educating the sons of the people as much better calculated to perpetuate ignorance than to promote enlightenment, the only feeling we have of regret is occasioned by the fact that it was the sons of Abolitionists, rather than those of Democrats, who were expelled.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>"As the teacher really did the boys a kindness by turning them out of the seminary, we suspect that if wrong was committed anywhere, it was upon those who were compelled to remain." (Cleveland Morning Leader, 29 April 1863)</i><br />
<br />
<h3>
<u>Banning Teachers with Copperhead "Proclivities"</u></h3>
<i>A young man from Nelson, Portage county, appeared in this village on Saturday last, who sported conspicuously on his coat, a Copperhead badge....He was accompanied by his sister, who was attending the Teachers' Examination, and who proved to be as strong a Copperhead as her brother.</i><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5hqgy17T85Q/WZN8F1JdtII/AAAAAAAAGeY/4T_eWy3_5XwKFl6eInOMGpwIf8QHa4fUgCLcBGAs/s1600/westfield%2Bnormal%2Bschool.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="977" height="251" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5hqgy17T85Q/WZN8F1JdtII/AAAAAAAAGeY/4T_eWy3_5XwKFl6eInOMGpwIf8QHa4fUgCLcBGAs/s320/westfield%2Bnormal%2Bschool.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Westfield Normal (Teachers) School, c. 1860</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i>Betraying the "proclivities" by an excited advocacy of the cause, she was informed by Mr. Whitney, one of the Board of Examiners, that, unless she would take the oath of allegiance, she could receive no certificate. This she refused to do, and in default thereof, was directed to leave the class.—The action of the Board was in accordance with a decision of the State School Commissioner, and its justice is too obvious to require comment.</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>Brother and sister returned home, we doubt not fully convinced that Copperhead badges and Copperhead sentiments are at a great discount in Chardon. (Chardon Democrat, May 20, 1863)</i><br />
<br />
<h3>
<u>Everybody Should Be Allowed</u></h3>
<i>The Dayton Empire says, in respect to wearing badges in the common schools of that city:</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>"If one class of children are allowed to wear Abolition emblems, the other have the same right to wear Democratic emblems, and we hope they will exercise it, if they feel disposed."</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>The "Abolition emblems," mark it well, are the eagle buttons, the tri color, and the stars and stripes. The "Democratic emblems," are "copperheads" and "butternuts"....</i><br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>Yes, and the "Copperhead" emblem, or "Badge of Liberty," "mark it well," is made of the head of the Goddess of Liberty, cut from a copper cent, with the word "Liberty" stamped across the top of the cap. (Dayton Daily Empire, 23 April 1863)</i><br />
<h3>
<u><br />IT'S BACK!</u></h3>
My reproduction Copperhead Badges is back in stock - with a lower price! This beautiful copper-plated replica of the original "Lady Liberty" badge is sure to be a conversation piece.<br />
<br />
If you want more fun and helpful info about Copperheads in the 1860s, check out my info pack which is all primary source material on Copperheads. It includes a book of anti-Copperhead cartoons, a snide "Copperhead Catechism" and a compilation of newspaper anecdotes (like the ones above) about Copperheads.<br />
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Whether your sympathies are with the Republicans, War Democrats or Peace Democrats, there's a badge there for you! Get ready for the 1860s election season with your Copperhead - or Union Cockade!
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-19183274252313102862017-06-28T12:00:00.000-07:002018-03-27T13:27:38.107-07:00Carolina Day: Palmetto Trees & Cannon Balls<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2zotM7tZNRk/WVRpYKBrQWI/AAAAAAAAGR4/jspw6eYV3FkE0WWaz6kvNWVzwVbQ9Y1QwCLcBGAs/s1600/carolina%2Bday.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="679" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2zotM7tZNRk/WVRpYKBrQWI/AAAAAAAAGR4/jspw6eYV3FkE0WWaz6kvNWVzwVbQ9Y1QwCLcBGAs/s320/carolina%2Bday.png" width="302" /></a></div>
America celebrates the Independence Day on July 4, but South Carolina's Independence Day is actually June 28! That's because of an important battle that occurred on June 28, 1776. The events of "Carolina Day" had an effect on Southern cockades that lasted nearly a century - and an effect on American history that has lasted over 240 years!<br />
<br />
<h2>
1776</h2>
Things weren't going very well for the Patriots in the early days of the American Revolution. Though there were some victories - such as the British being forced to evacuate Boston in March 1776 - there were some heavy losses as well. The Battle of Bunker Hill was one of the bloodiest battles in the entire war and the c<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Canada_%281775%29">ampaign to bring Canada</a> over to the Patriots' side was a complete disaster.<br />
<br />
However, the Patriots were gaining enough ground to worry the British. So the Brits decided to start a Southern campaign, beginning with the conquering of a Southern port.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kvIiIkCC3jQ/WVRpg_ntQUI/AAAAAAAAGR8/xzoP_lWAwbUMS1tgneaSvc6IEIpXTiIzwCLcBGAs/s1600/1776%2Bmap.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="890" data-original-width="1418" height="200" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kvIiIkCC3jQ/WVRpg_ntQUI/AAAAAAAAGR8/xzoP_lWAwbUMS1tgneaSvc6IEIpXTiIzwCLcBGAs/s320/1776%2Bmap.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h2>
Portal to the South</h2>
The South was a goldmine to whichever side could hold it. Southern commodities like tobacco, rice, indigo, and pine tree products made the South the richest area of the country.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, the British felt that they had much stronger support from the Loyalists in the South than in the North. They didn't reckon on the strong Patriot contingent in the South as well.<br />
<br />
As it turned out, the people of the Southern states were so deeply divided between Patriots and Loyalists that some of the hardest and bloodiest fighting of the war would occur there.<br />
<br />
But General Henry Clinton and Admiral Parker knew nothing of what was to come. They initially headed for Cape Fear, NC to establish a port of entry for the British. This did not work out so the next stop was Charleston. Earlier reconnaissance had shown that the fortifications around Charleston were incomplete, making it an easy target - or so the British thought.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-voVTGZqjgbI/WVRp9T_osdI/AAAAAAAAGSE/TRZQD0B0ywU79SwnGnlJuuInx2jZ8qWlQCLcBGAs/s1600/Palmetto%2BTree%2B4%2B4x6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-voVTGZqjgbI/WVRp9T_osdI/AAAAAAAAGSE/TRZQD0B0ywU79SwnGnlJuuInx2jZ8qWlQCLcBGAs/s320/Palmetto%2BTree%2B4%2B4x6.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
<h2>
<br />Spongy Wood and Cannon Balls (and Cockades)</h2>
In early June, nine British warships sailed into Charleston's harbor and troops were landed on Long Island. The idea was that the soldiers could wade ashore from there to the city while the ships bombarded into oblivion the half-complete fort on Sullivan's Island. The British miscalculated on both counts.<br />
<br />
The water turned out to be too deep to wade. And the fort - well, the sand and palmetto logs used for constructing the walls simply absorbed the cannon balls! Because of this battle, palmettos have ever since been the symbol of South Carolina, and her patriotic cockades have often included palmetto fronds.<br />
<br />
Meanwhile, the Patriots were low on ammunition so they made every shot count. They managed to significantly damage a number of the ships, plus the British accidentally grounded one ship.<br />
<br />
The British had 220 killed and wounded; the Patriots had 12 killed and 25 wounded.<br />
<br />
Oh, and the ship that was grounded? The Brits finally despaired of recovering her so they set her on fire. But the resourceful Patriots swam over and managed to turn the ship's guns on the British themselves - and then escape before the ship blew up!<br />
<br />
<h2>
Heroes of the Battle</h2>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SzT11J7uhcw/WVRpth_TFoI/AAAAAAAAGSA/ZUaMzRsPFAIj-fbA5GamHijW-YxptUVrwCLcBGAs/s1600/Battle_of_fort_moultrie.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="610" height="203" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SzT11J7uhcw/WVRpth_TFoI/AAAAAAAAGSA/ZUaMzRsPFAIj-fbA5GamHijW-YxptUVrwCLcBGAs/s320/Battle_of_fort_moultrie.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Sergeant Jasper holding up the flag - painting by John Blake White, 1826</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Colonel William Moultrie of the South Carolina militia commanded the Patriots on Sullivan's Island. As a result of his victory against overwhelming odds, the fort (which was finally finished) was named Fort Moultrie in his honor.<br />
<br />
During the battle, the Patriots' spirits reportedly were flagging when the British shot down their flag. Sergeant William Jasper heroically grabbed the flag and held it up until a new flag staff could be mounted. His action brought new life to the fort's defenders and he has been immortalized throughout American history as a hero. (If you check your family tree, you may even have an ancestor named after him, like I have!)<br />
<br />
<h2>
Carolina Day</h2>
The Patriot victory on June 28 ensured that Charleston's port would be closed to the British until its eventual fall in 1780 - too late to turn the tide of the war. The Battle of Sullivan's Island was one of the first major victories for the American Patriots. And it provided an exclamation point to the Declaration of Independence, which would be signed less than a week later.<br />
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Carolina Day has been celebrated by lovers of freedom and American history ever since.
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-34632849089543966012017-06-07T09:00:00.000-07:002018-03-27T13:27:48.572-07:00Queen Victoria's Jubilee Cockades<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wQYbfL4WWhY/WTcP_ZNc6mI/AAAAAAAAGMs/wHksmEgioa4Lj75PK7Cx0kMBaeGw2u0rQCLcB/s1600/Queen%2BVictoria%2527s%2BJubilee%2BCockades.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="862" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wQYbfL4WWhY/WTcP_ZNc6mI/AAAAAAAAGMs/wHksmEgioa4Lj75PK7Cx0kMBaeGw2u0rQCLcB/s320/Queen%2BVictoria%2527s%2BJubilee%2BCockades.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
For 63 years and 7 months, the sun never set on the British Empire ruled by Queen Victoria. She was the second longest reigning British monarch in history (the current Queen Elizabeth has reigned two years longer). She was the last monarch of the House of Hanover - the reigning family from whom America inherited her black military cockades.<br />
<br />
Victoria's rule spanned a time of great innovation and change. Steam power superseded horse power, machinery of all types took the place of cottage handcrafts, railways and telegraphs criss crossed the world and made it smaller than it had ever been. As the British Empire grew in technology, it also grew in size. By the end of Victoria's life, it had become the largest world empire ever known, covering more than a quarter of the world's population.<br />
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<br />
<h2>
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-49_5elW-UlQ/WTcQLswt0PI/AAAAAAAAGM0/pMNjNUfsqokBNdhCcrqEWm-XDZSNbQiPwCLcB/s1600/Victoria%2Bribbons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="538" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-49_5elW-UlQ/WTcQLswt0PI/AAAAAAAAGM0/pMNjNUfsqokBNdhCcrqEWm-XDZSNbQiPwCLcB/s320/Victoria%2Bribbons.jpg" width="239" /></a>Jubilee Celebrations</h2>
So it was only natural that when Victoria's 50th and 60th anniversaries of her accession to the throne rolled around, worldwide celebrations ensued.<br />
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One hundred and twenty years ago, in June 1887, a massive Golden Jubilee commemoration was held. Ten years later, her Diamond Jubilee was celebrated. As an interesting historical note, diamonds were typically associated with a 75th anniversary until Queen Victoria's 60th - at which point diamonds became the symbol for the 60th anniversary as well!<br />
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Souvenirs and mementos of all sorts were created during that time, which is what got me started reading about the celebrations. Because of course, there were cockades!<br />
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Jubilee celebration days were declared national holidays and the Queen's entourage made a parade of London. Bunting, decorations and flowers blanketed the city. Huge crowds converged on the parade route... and vendors sold ribbons and cockades for the occasion.<br />
<h2>
<br />Jubilee Badges</h2>
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BdtYRM0xn1E/WTcQQwsARnI/AAAAAAAAGM4/gVqrKpmnqd8cCDLNDQOrIhk3x-dFj_9AgCLcB/s1600/Victoria%2Bmedals.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="687" height="277" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BdtYRM0xn1E/WTcQQwsARnI/AAAAAAAAGM4/gVqrKpmnqd8cCDLNDQOrIhk3x-dFj_9AgCLcB/s320/Victoria%2Bmedals.jpg" width="320" /></a>Official medals, such as these, were struck but many other designs were also created with ribbons and cockades. Some focused on the fact that she was queen of an empire on which "the sun never sets." Others displayed the three national symbols - a rose for England, a thistle for Scotland and a shamrock for Ireland.<br />
<br />
The badge below is one of my favorites, not only because it's a cockade but because of its striking beauty and simplicity. Queen Victoria's picture with the date "1897" - her diamond jubilee - are on the ribbon. "VR" for the Latin form of Queen Victoria <i>(Victoria Regina)</i> and the date form the center emblem.<br />
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Since this month is the 120th anniversary of Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, I thought it would be fun to create a limited edition version of this wonderful cockade!<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GkY5QJNctrk/WTcQYuBDeuI/AAAAAAAAGM8/Bn3i0OgmoZMx6AbE1O09DJ6gocxJTUkPgCLcB/s1600/Victoria%2Bcockade%2B-%2BMOL.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="231" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GkY5QJNctrk/WTcQYuBDeuI/AAAAAAAAGM8/Bn3i0OgmoZMx6AbE1O09DJ6gocxJTUkPgCLcB/s400/Victoria%2Bcockade%2B-%2BMOL.jpg" width="375" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://collections.museumoflondon.org.uk/online/object/64422.html">Golden Jubilee Commemorative Cockade. Museum of London.</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h2>
Honor the Queen</h2>
If you'd like to honor Queen Victoria's legacy, you can purchase these cockades from me. I have many more cockades so be sure to check out <a href="https://creativecockades.ecwid.com/"><b>the rest of my shop</b></a> as well!<br />
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-12617926806915314812017-05-29T11:30:00.002-07:002021-06-08T20:44:36.345-07:00Monuments and Cockades: What's the Point?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H0N1FMUYSHo/WSYjJ-2_6tI/AAAAAAAAGJk/f9BxwvCQKz4RVpYOpV886QPs-RTfzdnQgCLcB/s1600/monuments%2Band%2Bcockades.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="717" data-original-width="688" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H0N1FMUYSHo/WSYjJ-2_6tI/AAAAAAAAGJk/f9BxwvCQKz4RVpYOpV886QPs-RTfzdnQgCLcB/s320/monuments%2Band%2Bcockades.jpg" width="307" /></a></div>
I make monuments. Well, sort of. My monuments are made from ribbon, not metal. And they’re small works of art, not large works of art.<br />
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Also, they aren’t permanent. <b>But then, the large metal ones aren’t permanent either, as we’re finding out.</b><br />
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One of the dictionary definitions of “monument” defines it as something erected in memory of a person or event. America is full of monuments. Statues of generals, presidents and scientists. Buildings and obelisks commemorating battles or people. Even a grave marker is a small monument – and so is a cockade. They are all reminders, mementos “erected in memory of a person or event.”<br />
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Recently, some folks have decided that certain monuments are no longer welcome in our country. Protests are being raised about these monuments and in some cases, the monuments have already been removed. Does this matter? Is it worth fighting to keep them? What is the point of having them anyway?<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JTJPTOsTe1I/WSYh5Yqk5TI/AAAAAAAAGJQ/UybeLsA7HU8ROyrIWnQaPGmdyKl2x267ACLcB/s1600/Do%2Bfor%2BRita.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="938" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-JTJPTOsTe1I/WSYh5Yqk5TI/AAAAAAAAGJQ/UybeLsA7HU8ROyrIWnQaPGmdyKl2x267ACLcB/s320/Do%2Bfor%2BRita.jpg" width="204" /></a></div>
<h3>
We Forget</h3>
People are forgetful. We all need calendars, alarms, reminders, sticky notes, and secretaries to keep us from forgetting important tasks and dates. So in order to help ourselves remember really important things, we set aside special times and ceremonies for them.<br />
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Mother’s Day and Father’s Day remind us to slow down and thank our parents for all they have done for us. Christmas and Easter remind us to stop and think about what Jesus did for us in His ministry on earth. Memorial Day reminds us to think about the soldiers who have given their lives in our country’s service. These things are all good because otherwise we get busy and forget.<br />
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Sometimes remembering is hard. It hurts or is embarrassing. We may not want to remember. But remembering what has happened helps us change the future. A people that refuses to learn (or even know) their history will continue to repeat mistakes.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UZ7tl2Q85Kg/WSYiC2lHAXI/AAAAAAAAGJU/VlUeTKcRDBI6W7pv2n4-d1W9zfLOQaTdACLcB/s1600/Lincoln.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="756" height="304" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-UZ7tl2Q85Kg/WSYiC2lHAXI/AAAAAAAAGJU/VlUeTKcRDBI6W7pv2n4-d1W9zfLOQaTdACLcB/s320/Lincoln.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<h3>
We Remember</h3>
A monument is a constant, concrete reminder of something important in the life of our country. Erecting a monument took effort, organization, money and agreement among people that something was important enough to be memorialized with a permanent public record.<br />
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<b>A monument reminds us to retell a story from the past.</b><br />
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If we don’t understand why a monument exists, it is a challenge to study that person or event to find out why it was considered monument-worthy. It’s not a reason to simply get rid of the monument.<br />
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When God parted the Jordan River for the nation of Israel to cross, He told them to take some stones from the middle of the river and make a monument out of them. In Joshua 4, He said, <i>“In the future, when your children ask you, ‘What do these stones mean?’ tell them that the flow of the Jordan was cut off before the ark of the covenant of the Lord. When it crossed the Jordan, the waters of the Jordan were cut off. These stones are to be a memorial to the people of Israel forever.”</i> Every time people saw the stone monument, they were reminded of the miraculous Jordan River crossing.<br />
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<h3>
We Tell Stories</h3>
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People today are questioning the meaning of America’s monuments. We need to be ready to tell their stories and remind people of our history. A nation that knows its history is a nation that can chart a great future, avoiding past mistakes and building on past triumphs. </div>
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I may be biased, but I happen to think that a great way to start those conversations is with a small “monument” – a cockade!</div>
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I have cockades for both Union and Confederate heroes, and I'm happy to do custom cockades for any other events or people you want to memorialize. I hope you "wear your colors" this Memorial Day - and every day - to remember the heroes who built our country!</div>
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-10765767802300639822017-05-22T17:00:00.000-07:002018-03-27T13:28:05.415-07:00Quakers, Revolutions, and Cockades<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iTVbIiFfkco/WRse3iLK-cI/AAAAAAAAGIA/IK0W7v923bQYWQWUe6V95q8A7leUSo2CACLcB/s1600/Quakers%2BRevolutions%2Band%2BCOckades.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-iTVbIiFfkco/WRse3iLK-cI/AAAAAAAAGIA/IK0W7v923bQYWQWUe6V95q8A7leUSo2CACLcB/s320/Quakers%2BRevolutions%2Band%2BCOckades.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
The Quaker movement began in the mid-1600s as a group of people who wished to worship God in a way different from the established state church. They believed in non-violence and the equality and priesthood of all believers. Their opposition to slavery, refusal to take oaths, conscientious objection to war, and allowance of female leadership all brought them into conflict with the culture of their day.<br />
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<b>Oh and one other item of conflict - their refusal to wear cockades!</b><br />
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We tend to picture the Quakers mostly in Great Britain and America, but by the late 1700s there was a branch in France as well.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jlvzJ0SkK34/WRse8Ia4SqI/AAAAAAAAGIE/uGvZdegwvNYM0WgZAHQNXQkQ71Fa-DSHwCLcB/s1600/Quakers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-jlvzJ0SkK34/WRse8Ia4SqI/AAAAAAAAGIE/uGvZdegwvNYM0WgZAHQNXQkQ71Fa-DSHwCLcB/s320/Quakers.jpg" width="248" /></a>The French Revolution began in 1789. You would think a revolution that touted "Liberty, Equality and Fraternity" as its slogan would perfectly sympathize with the equality- and peace-loving Quakers. In fact, Jacques-Pierre Brissot de Warville, a prominent Girondin leader of the Revolution and a friend of Quakers observed, "We are all striving for the same object, universal fraternity; the Quakers by gentleness, we by resistance."<br />
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Unfortunately, that's not the view that the French National Assembly took of the matter. Quakers were not viewed kindly by the French revolutionary government. It was obvious to them that Quakers were a "public menace" because - wait for it - they refused to wear the tricolor cockade!<br />
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The Quakers had submitted a petition to the National Assembly asking for exemption from military service, exemption from taking civic oaths, and permission to carry on their own method of recording births, marriages and deaths. These liberties had already been granted to British and American Quakers, they reminded the Assembly.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X4XSKXUHM70/WRsffdVHGoI/AAAAAAAAGIM/ubiYZ5_KV6I9o7kiaZqQRjyNZj8ZKWPHwCLcB/s1600/Benjamin%2BAngell%2Bcockade.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="299" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X4XSKXUHM70/WRsffdVHGoI/AAAAAAAAGIM/ubiYZ5_KV6I9o7kiaZqQRjyNZj8ZKWPHwCLcB/s320/Benjamin%2BAngell%2Bcockade.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://quakerstrongrooms.org/2015/06/15/the-french-revolution-quakers-and-cockades/">Benjamin Angell's cockade</a></td></tr>
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The issue was so important to Quakers internationally that American and British leaders of the sect visited France to plead for their brethren. Even though Quakers frowned on cockades and other "worldly" devices, cockades were required in revolutionary France. So this cockade was worn by one of the foreign suppliants, Benjamin Angell.<br />
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But in spite of this international support, things didn't turn out well for the French Quakers.<br />
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One of their leaders, Jean de Marsillac, <a href="https://quakerstrongrooms.org/2015/06/15/the-french-revolution-quakers-and-cockades/">observed,</a> <i>"It has pleased the lord to suffer us to fall under divers tryals, which in our weak state, we have found painful & grievious, the civic oath, the obligation imposed by the National Assembly to mount guard personally & the Arm, & to declare the arms every one had in his Possession, under the pain of being found guilty of treason & punished by Death….I was arrested at Paris because I had not the National Cockade, & signified my reasons for noncompliance, before the Judges of the Peace, & since that, before Petition Mayor of Paris, who had me set at liberty." </i><br />
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Many French Quakers simply left France for England, which was more tolerant of their beliefs - and their refusal to wear cockades. A snarky cartoon of the times shows a Quaker asking a drover (symbolizing a recruiting officer), "Friend, where driveth thou that Calf - & why put a Cockade on his horn?" The recruiting officer answers, "He is a young Recruit & I am driving him to the slaughter house." This shows not only the Quakers' view on war but also their view of military cockades.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-c21q0dwKbQY/WRsfHvDk5fI/AAAAAAAAGII/DaM-GEOYhE8jl4BrYnslgV36LHmV-nhzQCLcB/s1600/Pygmy%2BRevels.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="401" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-c21q0dwKbQY/WRsfHvDk5fI/AAAAAAAAGII/DaM-GEOYhE8jl4BrYnslgV36LHmV-nhzQCLcB/s640/Pygmy%2BRevels.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details/collection_image_gallery.aspx?assetId=1018944001&objectId=3016667&partId=1">Pygmy Revels 1801. British Museum.</a></td></tr>
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By 1801, apparently tolerance for Quaker beliefs was growing in France, as <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0E4oAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA88&dq=quaker%20cockade&pg=PA88#v=onepage&q=quaker%20cockade&f=false">noted by two American travelers.</a><br />
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<i>"It may not perhaps be amiss to mention how we were treated at the municipality, where we attended to present our passports. We were stopped by the guards, who had strict orders, it seems, not to suffer any man to pass unless he had what is a cockade in his hat, but on our desiring our guide to step forward and inform the Officers that we were of the people called Quakers, and that our not observing those signs of the time was not in contempt of authority, or disrespect to any office, but from a religious scruple in our minds, - it being the same with us in our own country – they readily accepted our reasons; and one of the officers came and took us by the guards, and so up into the chamber, where we were suffered to remain quietly with our hats on, till our passports were examined by two officers and again endorsed under the seal of the republic."</i><br />
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Cockades are wonderful emblems, in my opinion - but only when you are free to choose whether to wear one!<br />
<h2>
<br />Memorial Day Sale</h2>
If you are a Quaker, you may not need my cockades. :) But the rest of y'all will be glad to know that I'm having a Memorial Day Sale for the rest of May!! Use the coupon code MEMORIALDAY for 10% off in my shops!<br />
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All non-custom items in my shops are ready to ship immediately. Custom orders usually only take an extra day or two, unless you are making a large order. As always, I'm happy to help you out with whatever cockades you need!<br />
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-23168660492884312532017-05-01T12:00:00.000-07:002018-03-27T13:28:14.445-07:00Arkansas Secession Cockades<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FQHAGxjmSTk/WQI2rdZAMVI/AAAAAAAAGEc/bJgQfhWrtJsiH3jwb8-7PuRv_xiIEEG9ACLcB/s1600/Arkansas%2BSecession%2BCockades.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FQHAGxjmSTk/WQI2rdZAMVI/AAAAAAAAGEc/bJgQfhWrtJsiH3jwb8-7PuRv_xiIEEG9ACLcB/s320/Arkansas%2BSecession%2BCockades.png" width="319" /></a></div>
Arkansas's electoral votes went to Breckenridge for president in 1860. A large minority favored Bell and a small minority went for Douglas. No one voted for Lincoln because there weren't any Republican ballots in the state!<br />
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When Lincoln won the presidential election, the stage was set for Arkansas to secede. But events proved it wasn't that easy.<br />
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<u><br /></u><u>Wheeling Into Line</u></h3>
South Carolina seceded on December 20, sparking secession fervor across the South. Though a man's loyalty was first to his own state, the Southern states shared a feeling of unity in their culture, their ambitions and their sense of persecution by the Northern states.<br />
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A South Carolina newspaper <a href="http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026925/1861-01-03/ed-1/seq-2/">reported on</a> secession feeling in Arkansas:<br />
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<i>Arkansas. – The following dispatch shows that Arkansas is wheeling into line with her Southern sister States:</i><br />
<i>Little Rock, Dec. 21. –The bill for calling a State Convention has passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 81 to 30, and all parties, especially the Bell and Everett party, are for it. The Convention will meet in February, and I can tell you that if the secession feeling increases in intensity from now until then as it has increased within the last two weeks, an ordinance of immediate secession will be passed at once. Even the so called “moderate men” are for action with the Cotton States. There is nobody for unconditional submission.</i><br />
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<i>Blue cockades are to be seen everywhere in abundance. If a man wants a fight, he has only to abuse South Carolina in the streets, and if the Palmetto State should need assistance, be assured she can rely on Arkansas sending her 10,000 men, able and willing to fight for her and maintain the cause of the South.</i><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZL7LcpG4IDk/WQI0sLBLTtI/AAAAAAAAGEA/J5P221M_3YIIQ_6PtaNNQAYDYGaqxNCqQCLcB/s1600/arsenal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="171" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZL7LcpG4IDk/WQI0sLBLTtI/AAAAAAAAGEA/J5P221M_3YIIQ_6PtaNNQAYDYGaqxNCqQCLcB/s320/arsenal.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1860s view of the Arsenal</td></tr>
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<h3>
<u>The Convention and the Arsenal</u></h3>
However, before the secession convention could be held, rumors began to fly. Back in November, Captain James Totten and 65 men of the 2nd U.S. Artillery quietly arrived to garrison the previously unguarded Federal Arsenal in Little Rock. Now the report was that more US troops were being sent. The message from the Federal government was clear: Arkansas was going to remain in the Union - by force if necessary.<br />
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As tempers flared and rumors spread, men from around the state converged on the city with the purpose of taking the arsenal. In order to prevent bloodshed, the governor requested Capt. Totten to surrender - and he did.<br />
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The convention to vote on secession met in March. Despite the large secession vote and a vast deal of speech-making, Arkansas ended up voting down secession by a narrow margin. Many still feel loyalty to the Union, though almost everyone - Unionist and Secessionist - agreed that concessions needed to be made by the Federal government to the Southern states.<br />
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<h3>
<u>A Declaration of Hostilities</u></h3>
In spite of the surrender of the Arsenal, things seemed to be going smoothly for the Unionist cause - and then the blow came. South Carolinians fired on the U.S.-garrisoned Fort Sumter. President Lincoln promptly called for troops from each state - 780 from Arkansas - to suppress the secessionists.<br />
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<b>That was going too far.</b><br />
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Arkansians refused to be forcibly coerced into remaining in the Union. And they absolutely refused to be the tool to forcibly coerce anyone else to remain either. Southerner would not fight against Southerner.<br />
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<a href="https://ia600301.us.archive.org/5/items/journalofbothses00arka/journalofbothses00arka_bw.pdf">The Governor explained:</a><br />
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<i>Immediately following the proclamation issued by the President, I had the honor of receiving from the Hon. Simon Cameron, secretary of war for Mr. Lincoln's government, a requisition for seven hundred and eighty men to be raised from my fellow-citizens of Arkansas, for the very humane and christian purpose of "wiping out" and desolating the south by fire and sword...To the communication of Mr. Cameron, I returned the following reply—brief but clearly indicative of what I, as the executive of this free people, conceived to be a fitting response to such a piece of presumption and ignorance....</i><br />
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<i>Hon. Simon Cameron,</i><br />
<i>Secretary of War, Washington City, D.C.</i><br />
<i>In answer to your requisition for troops from Arkansas, to subjugate the southern states, I have to say, that none will be furnished. The demand is only adding insult to injury. The people of this commonwealth are freemen, not slaves, and will defend to the last extremity their honor, lives and property, against northern mendacity and usurpation.</i><br />
<i>HENRY M. RECTOR,</i><br />
<i>Governor of Arkansas.</i><br />
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<h3>
<u><br /></u><u>The Side of Truth and Liberty</u></h3>
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On May 6, 1861, the Arkansas secession convention reconvened and voted nearly unanimously to secede from the United States. Three days later, a report appeared in a Little Rock newspaper: </div>
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<i>Neat and Appropriate.-We have received, from a young lady in Burrowsville, Searcy county, a tasteful presentation in the shape of a rosette. It is so simple and pretty that we will endeavor to describe it. A grain of corn is fastened, by means of a hole drilled through it, to a floss of cotton, spread so as to form a circle; this is also attached to a light blue circle, and the whole to a deep blue, of the usual size of a rosette. By using a grain of red corn, we have the colors of the Confederacy flag; red, white and blue, while the corn and cotton are emblematical of the Confederacy. The design and execution are both excellent. –The present was sent with a patriotic note from the true hearted donor. In the revolution of ‘61 as in ‘76, the women are on the side of truth and liberty and, if need be, will show themselves to be heroines as did their foremothers. God bless them and the Southern Confederacy.</i></div>
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This was a fun cockade to reproduce! Appropriate for both gentlemen and ladies, it's full of Southern pride and sure to be a fun conversation starter. </div>
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Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1746195650829761702.post-17267234909395052562017-04-06T11:16:00.001-07:002023-02-06T18:55:49.551-08:00Cockades and the Great War<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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On April 6, 1917 America entered the Great War to End All Wars - now known to history as World War I. Obviously it didn't end all wars, but it did create massive change in culture around the world. As we look back 100 years later, I think the story of how the Great War changed cockades is a symbolic picture of how the Great War changed society in general.<br />
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There were many outcomes, good and bad, from the war. But one of the biggest was CHANGE!<br />
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<u><b>Women At Work</b></u><br />
A big societal change brought about by the war was the movement of women into industrial jobs. With the mass exodus of men into the military, women were often required to fill in the manufacturing jobs formerly occupied by men.<br />
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How did that affect cockades? As a consequence of this alteration in their workplaces, women had less time for sewing "trifles" - including cockades.<br />
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<u><b>Uniforms of Solidarity</b></u><br />
Another interesting change brought about during the war years was the huge amount of people wearing uniforms. Not only were there millions of men in uniform, but women joined the military for the first time, thus wearing uniforms too.<br />
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For women in the workplace, dresses and skirts got in the way of factory work so it made sense to wear a pants uniform on the shop floor.<br />
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Men and women also wore uniforms for home front activities and associations. Uniforms were often created for aid societies as a show of solidarity and patriotism.<br />
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Consequently, the wearing of individually styled cockades fell out of use for the military due to uniform regulations, and for civilians as mass-produced buttons, ribbons and membership medals took their place.<br />
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<u><b>New Ideas, New Words</b></u><br />
Though war brings destruction and killing, it also often brings bursts of progress. Warfare changed dramatically during World War I and many technological and medical advances occurred too. Ambulances, antiseptics and anesthesia...tanks, flame throwers and aircraft carriers...modern rubber, ultrasound, and plastic surgery - all had their start during the war.<br />
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Along with those technological changes came changes in ideas. Communism, socialism and women's suffrage gained traction worldwide. A surge of cynicism over the war's carnage rose, but was also accompanied by a rush of patriotism in all levels of society.<br />
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New words were added to cover new situations and norms. Consider phrases we use today that had their origination in World War I - <i>in the trenches, over the top, no man's land, shell shock.</i><br />
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As language reflected the addition of new ideas and the dropping of old, I've found that the very word "cockade" began its gradual disappearance from American publications.<br />
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<u><b>Cockades of the World Wars</b></u><br />
You might be concluding from all of this that cockades vanished in World War I - but not to worry! They were still around and still worn by patriotic people.<br />
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I have both American and French cockades in my collection dating to the World War years. And I've enjoyed the highly fashionable images I've found from this era of ladies wearing them. Here's a sampling for some "eye candy."<br />
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However, as mass production became easier, people also began to wear the forerunners of our modern metal buttons and pins. Some were made in the round shape we now associate with patriotic buttons, but some were still in the shape of cockades! Celluloid, an early form of plastic, was used as well as pasteboard and metal to form these emblems.<br />
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In this picture of some cockades in my World War collection, you can see the two ribbon cockades with a celluloid cockade in between them.<br />
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<u><b>The Modern "Cockade" Is Born</b></u><br />
Just as the Great War changed the face of culture around the world, so the patriotic cockade was also changed. As industrialization, modernization and mass production brought uniformity to culture, it brought the same to the patriotic emblems we now wear.<br />
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Just as today it's unusual to see someone in a hand-sewn outfit, it's also unusual to see them wearing a hand-sewn cockade.<br />
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But patriotism still flourishes in America even though our expressions of it have changed. And if you look closely, you'll still see people wearing modern "cockades" - lapel pins, t-shirts and jewelry that show our love of our country.<br />
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<u><b>Need A Great War Cockade?</b></u><br />
Using vintage striped ribbon and getting inspiration from my World War originals, I have created a cockade for the modern era. Show your patriotism anywhere - or reenact the Great War - with this red, white and blue emblem of the good ole USA!<br />
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</div>Heatherhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01483491473798745143noreply@blogger.com0